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2021-07-05 17:30:09 有 1,365 人按讚

10 NGÀY NGAO DU THỔ NHĨ KỲ

Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ là một đất nước nằm qua hai châu lục Á – Âu cực kỳ độc đáo, chỉ riêng thành phố lớn nhất Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ là Istanbul đã có 2 bờ nằm ở 2 châu lục. Nhưng đó không chỉ là điều duy nhất thú vị về đất nước này. Cơ đã may mắn được đến đây qua một chuyến đi 10 ngày kỳ diệu, khám phá chưa đủ nhưng vừa có thể thấy được sự đa dạng ở đất nước này.

5 LÝ DO THỔ NHĨ KỲ DÀNH CHO BẠN

1. Nếu bạn là một người yêu thích văn hoá đa sắc, Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ sẽ cho bạn cảm giác như bước vào nhiều nền văn minh khác nhau được giao thoa. Vì vị trí địa lý độc đáo của mình giăng mình qua 2 bờ Á – Âu, Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ mang vẻ đẹp văn hoá được ảnh hưởng của nhiều dân tộc đến đây sinh sống.
2. Lịch sử giàu có của đất nước này qua rất nhiều triều đại, đế chế từ Alexander đại đế đến Ottoman. Bạn sẽ bị choáng ngợp.
3. Các công trình kiến trúc to lớn, đa số là công trình Hồi Giáo sẽ làm những người yêu kiến trúc muốn ghé đến thăm. Tại Istanbul có những Thánh đường Hồi Giáo lớn bậc nhất thế giới.
4. Thiên nhiên tuyệt mỹ là một lý do nữa bạn cần nên đến đất nước này thật gấp. Những thung lũng đá ở Cappadocia, những bờ biển Địa Trung Hải, lâu đài trên mây, v.v… đều sẽ khiến mồm chúng ta cứ phải há hốc.
5. Con người ở Thổ khá hiền hoà và thân thiện. Nếu bạn không thích một đất nước có con người lạnh lùng thì Thổ dành cho bạn đó!

LỊCH TRÌNH 10 NGÀY

Ngày 1: Việt Nam – Istanbul
Ngày hôm nay dành để di chuyển đến Istanbul. Nhưng thật ra bạn khá dễ chịu vì thường các chuyến bay từ Việt Nam đi Istanbul đều rơi vào khung giờ buổi tối và đáp vào buổi sáng nên bạn gần như có hơn nửa ngày trọn vẹn ở Istanbul.

Ngày 2: Istanbul
Istanbul chia thành 2 bờ Á – Âu. Ngày hôm nay hãy dành thời gian khám phá bờ phía châu Âu với nhiều công trình tôn giáo nổi tiếng:
* Blue Mosque: thánh đường Hồi Giáo lớn và lộng lẫy của Istanbul
* Hagia Sophia: nằm rất gần Blue Mosque nên bạn có thể ghé cùng lúc với nhau, bên trong là một bảo tàng đấy
* Grand Bazaar: khu chợ hơn nửa thiên niên kỷ nổi tiếng ở Istanbul với vô số cửa hàng.
* Tokapi Palace Museum

Ngày 3: Istanbul – Antalya

Ngày hôm nay mình chọn bay tới Antalya vì thời gian được tối ưu hết mức có thể. Buổi chiều hãy đi dạo bến cảng Antalya là một bến cảng theo phong cách La Mã, bạn sẽ như được lạc về những thế kỷ trước vậy. Nếu được, bạn có thể đi một boat tour trên những con thuyền buồm kiểu cũ rất xinh đẹp. Sau đó dạo qua Phố Cổ Antalya với nhiều nhà hàng và quán cafe xinh đẹp.

Ngày 4: Antalya
Ngày hôm nay, bạn hãy ghé qua Bảo Tàng Khảo Cổ Học Antalya là một bảo tàng lớn nhất với nhiều cổ vật nhất trong vùng. Sau đó, bạn hãy đi đến Termessos nằm cách thành phố Antalya không xa là một thành phố cổ với những tàn tích nguyên vẹn nằm cao trên 1,000m.

Ngày 5: Antalya – Konya – Cappadocia
Ngày hôm nay bạn hãy ghé qua Konya sau đó ghé làng Sille vô cùng bình yên. Thời gian di chuyển cũng như thăm thú sẽ tốn của bạn cả ngày. Sau đó vào buổi tối hãy lên tàu, bus để di chuyển đi Cappadocia.

Ngày 6: Cappadocia

Cappadocia sở hữu nhiều thứ để khám phá bậc nhất ở Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ về mặt thiên nhiên lẫn văn hoá. Ngày hôm nay, hãy dậy sớm ngắm khinh khí cầu ở làng Goreme. Sau đó ghé qua thành phố ngầm Derinkuyu. Bạn có thể ghé thêm xưởng gốm và dệt thảm địa phương để có thể tham quan, mua sắm. Hoàng hôn, bạn hãy ghé qua pháo đài Ucisar để ngắm thung lũng đá xinh đẹp.

Ngày 7: Cappadocia
Ngày hôm nay, hãy tiếp tục dậy thật sớm bay khí cầu, vì thông thường không phải ngày nào cũng có thể xem khinh khí cầu. Khí cầu chỉ bay được khi trời không có gió mạnh, không mưa, không tuyết. Cho nên bạn nên dành thời gian nhiều ở Cappadocia.

Ngày 8: Cappadocia – Istanbul
Bay về Istanbul từ Cappadocia tốn ít thời gian, chỉ 45 phút thôi. Tuy nhiên, có một điểm cần lưu ý là Cappadocia có 2 sân bay. Một trong số chúng là sân bay Kayseri Erkilet Airport (ASR) cách trung tâm Cappadocia 1 giờ chạy xe. Đây là sân bay có nhiều chuyến bay của Turkish Airlines nhất nên bạn nhớ book vé ở sân bay này và nên canh thời gian ra sớm vì sân bay khá xa trung tâm Cappadocia nhé.

Ngày 9: Istanbul
Ngày hôm nay, các bạn hãy tiếp tục khám phá Istanbul sau khi bay về từ Cappadocia. Một số điạ điểm thú vị bạn nên ghé tiếp theo:
* Dạo thuyền trên dòng sông Bosphoros
* Cung Điện Dolmabahçe
* Phố Cổ Balat đầy màu sắc
* Istanbul Museum of Modern Art

Ngày 10: Istanbul – Việt Nam
Bay về thôi nào!

VISA & E-VISA
Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ là một quốc gia không quá khó để có visa, nhưng đối với người Việt mình thì visa chỉ có thể nộp đến Lãnh Sự Quán Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ tại Hà Nội. Nếu bạn ở Hà Nội thì tương đối đơn giản, nhưng nếu không thì bạn phải in giấy tờ hồ sơ gửi đến Hà Nội.
Tuy nhiên, mình thấy xin visa như vậy thường khá phiền nên mình gợi ý bạn nên xin e-visa sẽ dễ hơn.
Điều kiện xin e-visa:
* Khi đăng ký, bạn phải có visa hoặc thẻ tạm trú của khối Schengen, Mỹ, Anh hoặc Ireland
* Visa đó phải còn hạn khi bạn nhập cảnh vào Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ, nếu không có thể sẽ bị từ chối nhập cảnh.
* Bạn phải đi vào và rời Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ bằng hãng hàng không mà Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ quy định Turkish Airlines, Pegasus Airlines, Onur Air hoặc Atlasglobal Airlines.
* Bạn phải nhập cảnh Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ bằng đường hàng không.
Như vậy, bạn có thể vừa xin visa Schengen để đi Châu Âu, rồi sẵn đăng ký làm e-visa Thổ sẽ tiết kiệm công sức chuẩn bị hồ sơ cho bạn rất nhiều. Bạn có thể tham khảo cách xin e-visa Thổ đơn giản trong một bài blog khác của mình.

TIPS DU LỊCH
1/ Tiền tệ
Tiền tệ ở Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ dùng đồng lira, 1 lira = 3,200 VNĐ. Nhưng bạn cứ tính là 3,000 VNĐ cho dễ nhớ. Ở Thổ không dùng các đồng ngoại tệ để thanh toán nên bạn bắt buộc phải đổi tiền.
Tốt nhất bạn nên đổi USD hoặc Euro tại Việt Nam rồi qua Thổ đổi tiền Thổ vì đồng lira đổi ở Việt Nam khá hiếm, còn ở Thổ thì không nhận tiền Việt.

2/ Bay tới Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ
Turkish Airlines có 2 chặng bay từ Sài Gòn hoặc Hà Nội đến Istanbul, đây cũng gần như là hãng duy nhất có đường bay thẳng đến Istanbul từ Việt Nam. Giá vé dao động từ 15 – 18 triệu/khứ hồi.

3/ Di chuyển giữa các thành phố
a/ Bằng máy bay
Cách nhanh nhất để di chuyển giữa các thành phố chính là máy bay, và bạn cũng nên yên tâm vì chi phí bay tại Thổ cũng khá rẻ dù là bay Turkish Airlines. Bạn sẽ tốn từ 700,000 đến 1,200,000 VNĐ cho chặng bay khứ hồi Istanbul – Cappadocia mà thôi.

b/ Tàu lửa
Bạn có thể chọn phương tiện tàu lửa để di chuyển. Cách mua vé dễ nhất chính là ra ga tàu lửa và mua vé trước 1 tiếng để đi, thông thường không có quá nhiều hành khách nên bạn không cần phải book quá sớm. Cách thứ 2 là sử dụng Turkey Pass để di chuyển không giới hạn giá 59 euro/3 ngày, 132 euro/8 ngày.

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วิกฤติตุรกี ค่าเงินอ่อน เงินสำรองหาย ไล่ผู้ว่าธนาคารกลาง /โดย ลงทุนแมน
วิกฤติในประเทศตุรกี ได้กลับมาเป็นที่พูดถึงอีกครั้ง
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เราลองมาดูสถานการณ์ของตุรกีตั้งแต่ปี 2018 จนถึงตอนนี้

การเติบโตของ GDP ลดลงจาก 7.5% ในปี 2017 มาเหลือ 1.8% ในปี 2020

ในขณะที่ ประเทศตุรกีมีอัตราเงินเฟ้อ เพิ่มขึ้นมากกว่า 12% ต่อปี ติดต่อกัน มาตั้งแต่ปี 2018

นั่นจึงทำให้ค่าเงินลีรา อ่อนค่าอย่างรุนแรงกว่า 115% เมื่อเทียบกับดอลลาร์สหรัฐ
ทุนสำรองระหว่างประเทศก็ได้ลดลงไปเกินกว่าครึ่งหนึ่ง
จนเหลือน้อยที่สุด ในรอบ 18 ปี

จากตัวเลขที่เห็นคงพอบอกได้ว่า ประเทศตุรกี ไม่ได้อยู่ในภาวะปกติ

ซึ่งจริง ๆ แล้ว วิกฤติในลักษณะนี้ ไม่ได้เกิดขึ้นกับตุรกีเป็นประเทศแรก
เพราะมันมักจะเกิดขึ้นในประเทศกำลังพัฒนา ที่เศรษฐกิจกำลังเติบโตอย่างรวดเร็ว

อย่างเช่น อาร์เจนตินา บราซิล และแอฟริกาใต้ เมื่อปี 2018
ที่แม้บริบทในแต่ละประเทศจะต่างกัน แต่รูปแบบและสาเหตุมีความคล้ายคลึงกัน

จุดร่วมที่สำคัญของประเทศเหล่านี้ก็คือ “การใช้เงินเกินตัวของรัฐบาล”
หรือก็คือ งบประมาณที่ขาดดุลอย่างหนัก เพื่อต้องการเร่งให้เศรษฐกิจโตได้เร็วภายในระยะเวลาอันสั้น

เมื่อต้องการใช้เงินเยอะ จึงต้องตามมาด้วยการก่อหนี้มหาศาล
ที่นอกจากจะกู้ยืมจากภายในประเทศแล้ว ประเทศเหล่านี้ก็ยังกู้ยืมจากต่างประเทศด้วย
นั่นจึงทำให้หนี้สินส่วนใหญ่ เป็นสกุลเงินดอลลาร์สหรัฐ

ซึ่งการกระตุ้นให้เศรษฐกิจโตเร็วภายในเวลาอันสั้นที่มาจากการก่อหนี้จำนวนมาก
มักเป็นการเติบโตที่คงอยู่ได้แค่ชั่วคราว และถ้าอยากให้เศรษฐกิจเติบโตเพิ่มขึ้นอีก
ก็ต้องก่อหนี้เพิ่มตามไปด้วย

และเมื่อเศรษฐกิจโตได้เร็ว แน่นอนว่าเงินเฟ้อก็จะเพิ่มขึ้นเร็วตามไปด้วย

ตรงนี้จะเป็นหน้าที่ของธนาคารกลาง ที่จะปรับขึ้นอัตราดอกเบี้ย เพื่อควบคุมระดับเงินเฟ้อ
เพราะถ้าเงินเฟ้อเพิ่มขึ้นเร็วจนคุมไม่อยู่ ก็เท่ากับว่ามูลค่าของเงินจะยิ่งด้อยค่าเร็วขึ้น
และใครที่มีสกุลเงินนั้นอยู่ก็คงอยากขาย จนทำให้สกุลเงินนั้นอ่อนค่าลงอย่างรวดเร็ว
เมื่อเทียบกับสกุลเงินอื่น

โดยท้ายที่สุดแล้ว กลไกทั้งหมดนี้ ก็ส่งผลกลับไปที่ภาระหนี้สินของรัฐบาลเอง
เพราะเมื่อดอกเบี้ยในประเทศเพิ่มขึ้น ต้นทุนทางการเงินก็สูงขึ้น รวมถึงต้นทุนของหนี้ที่รัฐบาลกู้ยืมด้วย
และค่าเงินที่อ่อนค่าเมื่อเทียบกับดอลลาร์สหรัฐ ก็ทำให้หนี้ที่เป็นสกุลเงินดอลลาร์สหรัฐ มีมูลค่ามากขึ้นทันที

ซึ่งมูลค่าหนี้สินของภาครัฐที่เพิ่มขึ้นนี้ ก็ยิ่งทำให้ความน่าเชื่อถือของประเทศนั้นลดลง
กลายเป็นปัจจัยเร่งให้สกุลเงินนั้นอ่อนค่าเร็วขึ้นไปอีก วนเวียนไปเหมือนเป็น “งูกินหาง”

เหตุการณ์ลักษณะนี้ที่เกิดขึ้น
ก็จะถูกนักลงทุนที่มองเห็นโอกาสในการทำกำไรเข้ามาร่วมโจมตีให้ค่าเงินประเทศนั้นอ่อนลงไปอีก
และในปี 2018 ประเทศที่ถูกโจมตีค่าเงินรุนแรงที่สุด ก็คืออาร์เจนตินาและตุรกี

โดยค่าเงินเปโซของอาร์เจนตินา อ่อนค่าลงกว่า 100% เมื่อเทียบกับดอลลาร์สหรัฐ ภายในเวลา 4 เดือน
ในขณะที่ค่าเงินลีราของตุรกี อ่อนค่าลงกว่า 80% เมื่อเทียบกับดอลลาร์สหรัฐ ภายในเวลา 5 เดือน

อย่างไรก็ตามทั้ง 2 ประเทศนี้ เลือกตอบสนองด้วยแนวทางที่ต่างกัน

สำหรับประเทศอาร์เจนตินา
เลือกที่จะยอมเจ็บ เพราะอยากให้จบ

โดยยอมเจ็บในที่นี้ก็คือการที่ธนาคารกลาง ปรับขึ้นอัตราดอกเบี้ย ที่จากเดิมก็สูงมากอยู่แล้ว
ให้สูงขึ้นไปอีกเพราะต้องการชะลอการอ่อนค่าของเงินเปโซให้ได้เร็วที่สุด

จึงได้ปรับขึ้นอัตราดอกเบี้ยจาก 28.75% ไปสูงสุดที่ 85.75% ภายในเวลา 1 ปี
จนสามารถทำให้ค่าเงินเปโซผันผวนน้อยลงได้

แต่ด้วยอัตราดอกเบี้ยที่สูงขนาดนี้ ก็ต้องแลกมากับการที่รัฐบาลแบกรับภาระหนี้สินต่อไปไม่ไหว
ซึ่งทางออกเดียวที่เหลือ ก็คือการขอกู้เงินจาก IMF และเข้าสู่กระบวนการปรับโครงสร้างหนี้
รวมทั้งใช้มาตรการรัดเข็มขัด นั่นคือรัฐบาลต้องลดการใช้จ่ายลง
เพื่อทำให้งบประมาณที่ขาดดุลมหาศาล กลับสู่ภาวะปกติ

แต่สำหรับประเทศตุรกี ก็ได้เลือกวิธีที่จะยื้อสถานการณ์และยอมเหนื่อยต่อ

ในปี 2018 ธนาคารกลางตุรกีได้ปรับขึ้นอัตราดอกเบี้ยจาก 8% ไปที่ 24%
แต่ประธานาธิบดีตุรกี Recep Tayyip Erdoğan กลับแสดงความไม่พอใจอย่างมาก
เพราะเขามีความเชื่อว่าอัตราดอกเบี้ยสูง เป็นต้นเหตุของเงินเฟ้อ ซึ่งสวนทางกับทฤษฎี หรือที่เรียกว่า “Unorthodox”

ผู้ว่าการธนาคารกลางตุรกีดังกล่าว จึงถูกไล่ออก

และล่าสุด เมื่อต้นปีที่ผ่านมา ตุรกีก็ต้องเผชิญกับเงินเฟ้อที่พุ่งขึ้นอีกครั้งจากการอัดฉีดเงินเพื่อสู้กับโควิด 19
ธนาคารกลางจึงจำเป็นที่จะต้องปรับอัตราดอกเบี้ยเพิ่มขึ้นเพื่อควบคุมเงินเฟ้อ

แต่สิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นก็เหมือนกับการฉายหนังซ้ำนั่นคือ
ผู้ว่าการธนาคารกลางตุรกีคนใหม่ก็ถูกไล่ออกอีก..

เมื่อการปรับเพิ่มอัตราดอกเบี้ยของธนาคารกลางตุรกีขัดกับความเชื่อของประธานาธิบดี
ธนาคารกลางตุรกีจึงต้องพึ่งพาอีกเครื่องมือหนึ่งแทนดอกเบี้ย นั่นก็คือ “ทุนสำรองระหว่างประเทศ”

โดยทุนสำรองระหว่างประเทศ จะถูกเก็บอยู่ในหลายรูปแบบ และส่วนใหญ่จะเป็นสกุลเงินดอลลาร์สหรัฐ
ซึ่งปกติแล้ว ธนาคารกลางจะใช้เครื่องมือนี้ในการดูแลเสถียรภาพของค่าเงิน เมื่อยามจำเป็นเท่านั้น

สำหรับกลไกการนำไปใช้ก็คือ
ธนาคารกลางจะนำทุนสำรองที่อยู่ในรูปดอลลาร์สหรัฐนี้ ไปแลกซื้อเงินสกุลตัวเอง
เพื่อช่วยให้สกุลเงินของตัวเองแข็งค่าขึ้น เมื่อเทียบกับดอลลาร์สหรัฐ

แต่การที่ตุรกีขึ้นดอกเบี้ยได้อย่างจำกัด ทำให้เครื่องมืออย่างทุนสำรองระหว่างประเทศต้องรับบทหนัก

สะท้อนได้จากปริมาณทุนสำรองระหว่างประเทศ ที่ลดลงไปมากกว่าครึ่งหนึ่ง ภายในเวลา 3 ปี
และยังมีการประเมินว่า ปี 2020 เพียงปีเดียว ตุรกีใช้เงินกว่า 3 ล้านล้านบาท ในการแทรกแซงค่าเงิน
เพื่อประคองให้ลีราไม่อ่อนค่าอย่างรุนแรง

ซึ่งทำให้ในตอนนี้ ทั้งพรรคฝ่ายค้านและประชาชน
ต่างร่วมกันถามหาทุนสำรองระหว่างประเทศ
ที่หายไปกว่า 4 ล้านล้านบาท เพื่อใช้ในการพยุงค่าเงินตลอด 3 ปีที่ผ่านมา

สิ่งที่สำคัญก็คือ ต้องไม่ลืมว่าทุนสำรองระหว่างประเทศที่ตุรกีใช้ประคองสถานการณ์มาจนถึงตอนนี้
หากยังลดลงอย่างรวดเร็วต่อไป ก็อาจถึงวันที่ทุนสำรองเหลือน้อยมาก จนประเทศต้องยอมแพ้
คล้ายกับที่ประเทศไทยเคยเจอ เมื่อตอนวิกฤติต้มยำกุ้ง

ถึงตรงนี้ ก็คงต้องติดตามกันต่อไปว่า
เงินสำรองของตุรกีจะพอสู้กับวิกฤติค่าเงินได้หรือไม่
แต่ดูแล้วอนาคตต่อจากนี้ ประเทศตุรกีน่าจะเหนื่อยไม่น้อยเลย..

ปิดท้ายด้วยข้อมูลที่น่าสนใจ

วิกฤติค่าเงินของตุรกี ทำให้ประชาชนบางส่วนเลือกที่จะซื้อสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัลมาเก็บไว้เพื่อรักษาความมั่งคั่ง ไม่ให้ลดลงจากเงินเฟ้อ

อย่างไรก็ตามในเดือนเมษายนที่ผ่านมา
ตลาด Exchange ซื้อขายคริปโทเคอร์เรนซีชื่อ Thodex อยู่ ๆ ก็ปิดตัวลง โดยผู้ก่อตั้งได้หนีออกนอกประเทศ พร้อมทิ้งให้ผู้ใช้งาน 3.9 แสนราย ไม่สามารถนำเงินออกจากระบบได้

เรียกได้ว่า คนตุรกี 3.9 แสนรายนี้ กำลังหนีเสือปะจระเข้ เลยทีเดียว..
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Blockdit เป็นแพลตฟอร์ม สำหรับนักอ่าน และนักเขียน
ที่มีผู้ใช้งาน 1 ล้านคน ลองใช้แพลตฟอร์มนี้เพื่อได้ไอเดียใหม่ๆ
แล้วอาจพบว่าสังคมนี้เหมาะกับคนเช่นคุณ
Blockdit. Ideas Happen. Blockdit.com/download
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References
-https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-21/erdogan-says-turkey-used-165-billion-of-reserves-in-two-years
-https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-04-22/question-over-128-billion-in-foreign-exchange-reserves-rattles-turkey-s-erdogan
-https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/22/economy/turkey-lira-erdogan-central-bank-intl-hnk/index.html
-https://money.cnn.com/2018/08/12/investing/turkish-lira-currency-crisis/index.html
-https://www.reuters.com/article/turkey-cenbank-goldmansachs-int-idUSKBN27L258
-https://www.reuters.com/article/turkey-cenbank-reserves-int-idUSKBN2BV1P6
-https://www.reuters.com/article/us-argentina-debt-idUSKBN20630Y
-https://tradingeconomics.com/turkey/foreign-exchange-reserves
-https://tradingeconomics.com/thailand/foreign-exchange-reserves

Tags: turkey lira

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turkey lira 在 Lý Thành Cơ Facebook 的最佳貼文

By Lý Thành Cơ

2021-03-02 17:30:06 有 1,072 人按讚

Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ là một đất nước nằm qua hai châu lục Á – Âu cực kỳ độc đáo, chỉ riêng thành phố lớn nhất Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ là Istanbul đã có 2 bờ nằm ở 2 châu lục. Nhưng đó không chỉ là điều duy nhất thú vị về đất nước này.

5 lý do Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ dành cho bạn

1. Nếu bạn là một người yêu thích văn hoá đa sắc, Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ sẽ cho bạn cảm giác như bước vào nhiều nền văn minh khác nhau được giao thoa. Vì vị trí địa lý độc đáo của mình giăng mình qua 2 bờ Á – Âu, Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ mang vẻ đẹp văn hoá được ảnh hưởng của nhiều dân tộc đến đây sinh sống.

2. Lịch sử giàu có của đất nước này qua rất nhiều triều đại, đế chế từ Alexander đại đế đến Ottoman. Bạn sẽ bị choáng ngợp.

3. Các công trình kiến trúc to lớn, đa số là công trình Hồi Giáo sẽ làm những người yêu kiến trúc muốn ghé đến thăm. Tại Istanbul có những Thánh đường Hồi Giáo lớn bậc nhất thế giới.

4. Thiên nhiên tuyệt mỹ là một lý do nữa bạn cần nên đến đất nước này thật gấp. Những thung lũng đá ở Cappadocia, những bờ biển Địa Trung Hải, lâu đài trên mây, v.v… đều sẽ khiến mồm chúng ta cứ phải há hốc.

5. Con người ở Thổ khá hiền hoà và thân thiện. Nếu bạn không thích một đất nước có con người lạnh lùng thì Thổ dành cho bạn đó!

Lịch trình 10 ngày Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ

Ngày 1: Việt Nam – Istanbul

Ngày hôm nay dành để di chuyển đến Istanbul. Nhưng thật ra bạn khá dễ chịu vì thường các chuyến bay từ Việt Nam đi Istanbul đều rơi vào khung giờ buổi tối và đáp vào buổi sáng nên bạn gần như có hơn nửa ngày trọn vẹn ở Istanbul.

Ngày 2: Istanbul

Istanbul chia thành 2 bờ Á – Âu. Ngày hôm nay hãy dành thời gian khám phá bờ phía châu Âu với nhiều công trình tôn giáo nổi tiếng:

- Blue Mosque: thánh đường Hồi Giáo lớn và lộng lẫy của Istanbul
- Hagia Sophia: nằm rất gần Blue Mosque nên bạn có thể ghé cùng lúc với nhau, bên trong là một bảo tàng đấy
- Grand Bazaar: khu chợ hơn nửa thiên niên kỷ nổi tiếng ở Istanbul với vô số cửa hàng.
- Tokapi Palace Museum

Ngày 3: Istanbul – Antalya

Ngày hôm nay mình chọn bay tới Antalya vì thời gian được tối ưu hết mức có thể. Buổi chiều hãy đi dạo bến cảng Antalya là một bến cảng theo phong cách La Mã, bạn sẽ như được lạc về những thế kỷ trước vậy. Nếu được, bạn có thể đi một boat tour trên những con thuyền buồm kiểu cũ rất xinh đẹp. Sau đó dạo qua Phố Cổ Antalya với nhiều nhà hàng và quán cafe xinh đẹp.

Ngày 4: Antalya

Ngày hôm nay, bạn hãy ghé qua Bảo Tàng Khảo Cổ Học Antalya là một bảo tàng lớn nhất với nhiều cổ vật nhất trong vùng. Sau đó, bạn hãy đi đến Termessos nằm cách thành phố Antalya không xa là một thành phố cổ với những tàn tích nguyên vẹn nằm cao trên 1,000m.

Ngày 5: Antalya – Konya – Cappadocia

Ngày hôm nay bạn hãy ghé qua Konya sau đó ghé làng Sille vô cùng bình yên. Thời gian di chuyển cũng như thăm thú sẽ tốn của bạn cả ngày. Sau đó vào buổi tối hãy lên tàu, bus để di chuyển đi Cappadocia.

Ngày 6: Cappadocia

Cappadocia sở hữu nhiều thứ để khám phá bậc nhất ở Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ về mặt thiên nhiên lẫn văn hoá. Ngày hôm nay, hãy dậy sớm ngắm khinh khí cầu ở làng Goreme. Sau đó ghé qua thành phố ngầm Derinkuyu. Bạn có thể ghé thêm xưởng gốm và dệt thảm địa phương để có thể tham quan, mua sắm. Hoàng hôn, bạn hãy ghé qua pháo đài Ucisar để ngắm thung lũng đá xinh đẹp.

Ngày 7: Cappadocia

Ngày hôm nay, hãy tiếp tục dậy thật sớm bay khí cầu, vì thông thường không phải ngày nào cũng có thể xem khinh khí cầu. Khí cầu chỉ bay được khi trời không có gió mạnh, không mưa, không tuyết. Cho nên bạn nên dành thời gian nhiều ở Cappadocia.

Ngày 8: Cappadocia – Istanbul

Bay về Istanbul từ Cappadocia tốn ít thời gian, chỉ 45 phút thôi. Tuy nhiên, có một điểm cần lưu ý là Cappadocia có 2 sân bay. Một trong số chúng là sân bay Kayseri Erkilet Airport (ASR) cách trung tâm Cappadocia 1 giờ chạy xe. Đây là sân bay có nhiều chuyến bay của Turkish Airlines nhất nên bạn nhớ book vé ở sân bay này và nên canh thời gian ra sớm vì sân bay khá xa trung tâm Cappadocia nhé.

Ngày 9: Istanbul
Ngày hôm nay, các bạn hãy tiếp tục khám phá Istanbul sau khi bay về từ Cappadocia. Một số điạ điểm thú vị bạn nên ghé tiếp theo:

- Dạo thuyền trên dòng sông Bosphoros
- Cung Điện Dolmabahçe
- Phố Cổ Balat đầy màu sắc
- Istanbul Museum of Modern Art

Ngày 10: Istanbul – Việt Nam
Bay về thôi nào!

Visa & E-visa
Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ là một quốc gia không quá khó để có visa, nhưng đối với người Việt mình thì visa chỉ có thể nộp đến Lãnh Sự Quán Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ tại Hà Nội. Nếu bạn ở Hà Nội thì tương đối đơn giản, nhưng nếu không thì bạn phải in giấy tờ hồ sơ gửi đến Hà Nội.

Tuy nhiên, mình thấy xin visa như vậy thường khá phiền nên mình gợi ý bạn nên xin e-visa sẽ dễ hơn.

Điều kiện xin e-visa:

- Khi đăng ký, bạn phải có visa hoặc thẻ tạm trú của khối Schengen, Mỹ, Anh hoặc Ireland
- Visa đó phải còn hạn khi bạn nhập cảnh vào Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ, nếu không có thể sẽ bị từ chối nhập cảnh.
- Bạn phải đi vào và rời Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ bằng hãng hàng không mà Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ quy định Turkish Airlines, Pegasus Airlines, Onur Air hoặc Atlasglobal Airlines.
- Bạn phải nhập cảnh Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ bằng đường hàng không.

Như vậy, bạn có thể vừa xin visa Schengen để đi Châu Âu, rồi sẵn đăng ký làm e-visa Thổ sẽ tiết kiệm công sức chuẩn bị hồ sơ cho bạn rất nhiều. Bạn có thể tham khảo cách xin e-visa Thổ đơn giản trong một bài blog khác của mình.

Tham khảo cách xin visa Schengen: https://lythanhco.com/2019/08/11/visa-chau-au-schengen-de-hon-ban-nghi/

TIPS DU LỊCH

1. Tiền tệ
Tiền tệ ở Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ dùng đồng lira, 1 lira = 3,200 VNĐ. Nhưng bạn cứ tính là 3,000 VNĐ cho dễ nhớ. Ở Thổ không dùng các đồng ngoại tệ để thanh toán nên bạn bắt buộc phải đổi tiền.

Tốt nhất bạn nên đổi USD hoặc Euro tại Việt Nam rồi qua Thổ đổi tiền Thổ vì đồng lira đổi ở Việt Nam khá hiếm, còn ở Thổ thì không nhận tiền Việt.

2. Bay tới Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ
Turkish Airlines có 2 chặng bay từ Sài Gòn hoặc Hà Nội đến Istanbul, đây cũng gần như là hãng duy nhất có đường bay thẳng đến Istanbul từ Việt Nam. Giá vé dao động từ 15 – 18 triệu/khứ hồi.

3. Di chuyển giữa các thành phố
a. Bằng máy bay
Cách nhanh nhất để di chuyển giữa các thành phố chính là máy bay, và bạn cũng nên yên tâm vì chi phí bay tại Thổ cũng khá rẻ dù là bay Turkish Airlines. Bạn sẽ tốn từ 700,000 đến 1,200,000 VNĐ cho chặng bay khứ hồi Istanbul – Cappadocia mà thôi.

b. Tàu lửa
Bạn có thể chọn phương tiện tàu lửa để di chuyển. Cách mua vé dễ nhất chính là ra ga tàu lửa và mua vé trước 1 tiếng để đi, thông thường không có quá nhiều hành khách nên bạn không cần phải book quá sớm. Cách thứ 2 là sử dụng Turkey Pass để di chuyển không giới hạn giá 59 euro/3 ngày, 132 euro/8 ngày. Bạn có thể mua ở đây: https://www.interrail.eu/en/interrail-passes/one-country-pass/turkey

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Lý Thành Cơ

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Mình là Cơ, với cái máu khám phá, đôi chân hay đi và bàn tay thích viết, lưu lại tất cả những khoảnh khắc trên từng trang blog du lịch cá nhân này. Những bài viết, những tấm hình hay video clip đều được một tay mình tạo nên. Thích viết tiếng Anh và cả tiếng Việt, mình làm trang blog song ngữ để hy vọng chia sẻ với tất cả những bạn trẻ yêu du lịch ở khắp mọi nơi. Nếu bạn thắc mắc tại sao trang blog lại mang cái tên khó đọc này, và từ ấy có nghĩa là gì thì đơn giản thôi. Venture tức là 'mạo hiểm', -ology là tiếp vị ngữ để chỉ những môn khoa học. Có thể nói từ 'venturology' dịch ra là 'môn khoa học mạo hiểm.' Mạo hiểm ở đây chính là dám dấn thân, trải nghiệm thế giới mà không ngại ngần. Nào mình đi thôi. I am Cơ, with a passion for exploration, two feet thirsty for traveling, and two passionate hands for writing, I save every beat of experience into these blog pages. All the photographs and writing are created by me in both English and Vietnamese - my mother tongue, to show my friends around the world the beauty of my country, in particular, and the world worth traveling, in general. If you ever wonder what 'venturology' means, it comes from the word 'venture' and the suffix '-ology' which makes up its meaning of 'the science of venturing'. By 'venture', I mean to venture into this world full of wonders and explore it. So here we go.

Mình là Cơ, có đôi chân hay đi, đôi mắt hay nhìn và đôi tay hay viết. Những chuy

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turkey lira 在 Why Turkey's currency crash does not worry Erdogan - BBC 的相關結果

The simple reason for the Turkish lira's collapse is his unorthodox economic policy of keeping interest rates low to boost Turkey's economic ... ... <看更多>

turkey lira 在 Lira crash slams Turkey's factories, farmers and retailers - Al ... 的相關結果

Istanbul, Turkey – Turkey's lira crisis is threatening to put Mehmet Sapci's 86-year-old pharmaceutical company out of business. ... <看更多>

turkey lira 在 Turkish lira - Wikipedia 的相關結果

The Turkish lira (Turkish: Türk lirası; sign: ₺; code: TRY; numeric code: 949; usually abbreviated as TL) is the currency of Turkey and Northern Cyprus. ... <看更多>

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turkish lira news today

should i buy turkish lira now 2021

Turkey financial crisis

The simple reason for the Turkish lira's collapse is his unorthodox economic policy of keeping interest rates low to boost Turkey's economic ...

#2. Lira crash slams Turkey's factories, farmers and retailers - Al ...

Istanbul, Turkey – Turkey's lira crisis is threatening to put Mehmet Sapci's 86-year-old pharmaceutical company out of business.

#3. Turkish lira - Wikipedia

The Turkish lira (Turkish: Türk lirası; sign: ₺; code: TRY; numeric code: 949; usually abbreviated as TL) is the currency of Turkey and Northern Cyprus.

#4. Turkish Lira | 2021 Data | 2022 Forecast | 1992-2020 Historical

Turkish Lira - data, forecasts, historical chart - was last updated on December of 2021. The Turkish Lira is expected to trade at 12.17 by the end of this ...

#5. Turkish lira crashes to historic low after Erdogan sparks selloff

Turkey's lira crashed to a record low of 13.44 to the dollar on Tuesday, a level once unfathomable and well past what was just last week deemed ...

#6. Turkish lira in historic 15% crash after Erdogan stokes fire sale

ISTANBUL, Nov 23 (Reuters) - Turkey's lira nosedived more than 15% on Tuesday after President Tayyip Erdogan defended recent rate cuts and ...

#7. Turkish lira (TRY) - European Central Bank

... stability in the euro area and so preserve the purchasing power of the single currency. ... Reference rates over last four months - Turkish lira (TRY).

#8. USD to TRY Exchange Rate - Bloomberg Markets

Current exchange rate US DOLLAR (USD) to TURKISH LIRA (TRY) including currency converter, buying & selling rate and historical conversion chart.

#9. 1 USD to TRY - US Dollars to Turkish Lire Exchange Rate - Xe

Get the latest 1 US Dollar to Turkish Lira rate for FREE with the original Universal Currency Converter. Set rate alerts for USD to TRY and learn more about ...

#10. Turkish lira falls as Erdogan vows victory in 'economic war'

Turkish lira falls as Erdogan vows victory in 'economic war'. Currency tumbles as much as 15% after president praises rate cut that stirred deep ...

#11. Turkish Lira Sign - TCMB

While selecting the Turkish lira currency sign, two marked features of the Turkish lira and the Turkish economy were highlighted in accordance with the ...

#12. 'Our Money Has No Value': Frustration Rises in Turkey at Lira ...

Outside a currency exchange office in Istanbul last week. The Turkish lira has lost more than 45 ...

#13. Buy turkish lira - Global Exchange Turkey

Buy foreign currency. AntaIya and Istanbul new airport ... Where do you want to collect your Turkish lira? ... How does Global Exchange Turkey work?

#14. Pounds GBP to Turkish lira TRY exchange rate | Travel Money

Turkish lira is the national currency of Turkey. It was introduced as the Ottoman lira during the Ottoman Empire in 1844. In the early twentieth century the ...

#15. Turkish Lira Images, Stock Photos & Vectors | Shutterstock

Turkish lira banknotes in hand. The paper currency of Turkey. Current Turkish liras are. Turkish lira bills seen through a magnifying glass and a calculator.

#16. USD TRY | US Dollar Turkish Lira - Investing.com

Find the current US Dollar Turkish Lira rate and access to our USD TRY converter, charts, historical data, news, and more.

#17. Erdogan replaces finance minister as Turkey's lira crashes

The Turkish currency has lost about 40% of its value since the start of the year. ... lira for USD and Euro at a currency exchange shop, in Ankara, Turkey, ...

#18. Turkish Lira Tumbles After Erdogan Defends Rate Cuts - WSJ

Turkey's economic crisis entered a tumultuous new phase, with its currency plunging to a fresh record low and President Recep Tayyip Erdogan ...

#19. EXPLAINER: Turkey's currency is crashing. What's the impact?

As a result, the Turkish lira, which had barely recovered from a currency crisis in 2018, has been weakening to record lows against the dollar ...

#20. Turkey's Lira Dives 15% in Second-Worst Day Ever

Constituting its second-worst day in history, the lira took a nosedive after Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan maintained his backing for ...

#21. EXPLAINER: Turkey's currency is crashing. What's the impact?

Turkey's beleaguered currency has been plunging to all-time lows against the U.S. dollar and the euro in recent months as President Recep ...

#22. Lira extends retreat as Turkey heads toward a financial crisis

SYDNEY (BLOOMBERG) - Turkey's lira extended its precipitous slide on Monday (Aug 13) after the nation's president showed no signs of backing ...

#23. Turkish lira plunges 8% in face of Erdogan's 'dangerous ...

ISTANBUL:Turkey's lira plunged as low as 14 to the US dollar and hit new lows against the euro on Tuesday, capping a historical month of ...

#24. Turkish lira in historic 15 percent crash after Erdogan stokes ...

Turkey's lira nosedived 15 percent on Tuesday in its second-worst day ever after President Tayyip Erdogan defended recent sharp rate cuts, ...

#25. Turkey: Lira Nears Record Low | Asharq AL-awsat

Turkey's lira edged close its all-time low on Friday, driven by fleeing foreign investors but mitigated by local bargain hunting, ...

#26. Turkish lira weakens after Fitch downgraded outlook to 'negative'

ISTANBUL (Dec 3): Turkey's lira edged lower against the dollar on Friday after ratings agency Fitch revised the country's outlook to ...

#27. Turkish inflation accelerates to highest level since 2018 on lira ...

Topics. Turkey | currency market | Turkish lira. Turkish-inflation-accelerates-to-highest-level-since-2018-.

#28. The political threat for the Turkish lira - Times of Malta

Earlier in November, the Turkish Central Bank cut the one-week repo ... A currency exchange office worker counts Turkish Lira banknotes in ...

#29. Further collapse of Turkey's lira triggers new intervention of ...

Turkey's lira edged near to its record low on Friday, ... Economists have widely criticized Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan's aggressive ...

#30. Turkish lira weakens after Fitch downgrades outlook to 'negative'

The Turkish lira collapsed further after Fitch Ratings has downgraded Turkey's sovereign credit rating outlook, describing the central ...

#31. Türk Lirası: the Turkish Lira, Old (TRL) & New (TRY) - Turkey ...

The current Turkish Lira is equivalent to one million (old, pre-2005) Turkish Liras (TL). In other words, six zeros were dropped from the old TL in 2005 to make ...

#32. All You Need to Know About The History of Turkish Lira

If you're traveling to Turkey, it pays to know about the Turkish Lira (Old name TRL and now known as TRY -Symbol: ₺). From the story behind the Turkish ...

#33. Turkish lira at 10 to euro; with Biden to blame Turkey for WWI ...

Turkey's lira skidded 2 per cent to its weakest this month on Thursday as the country's ties with US come under strain, and after President ...

#34. Turkish Lira 'Currency Crisis' Not Over, Could Hit 8 Against ...

Without key structural reform being implemented to the Turkish economy, the exchange of the Turkish Lira against the U.S. dollar could ...

#35. Turkish lira against US dollar: Flashback 2006, outlook 2023

Turkish lira against US dollar: Flashback 2006, outlook 2023 ...

#36. Erdogan replaces finance minister as Turkey's lira crashes

ANKARA, Turkey (AP) -- Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan appointed a new treasury and finance minister Thursday after the previous one ...

#37. Erdogan replaces finance minister as Turkey's lira crashes

ANKARA, Turkey — Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan appointed a new treasury and finance minister Thursday after the previous one ...

#38. Erdogan replaces finance minister as Turkey's lira crashes

ANKARA, Turkey (AP) — Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan appointed a new treasury and finance minister early Thursday after Lutfi Elvan ...

#39. Turkish New Lira (TRY) Definition - Investopedia

The Turkish New Lira (TRY) is the national currency of Turkey. Turkey has experienced high inflation rates compared to peer countries. The currency has been ...

#40. Erdogan replaces finance minister as Turkey's lira crashes

ANKARA, Turkey (AP) — Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan appointed a new treasury and finance minister Thursday after the previous one ...

#41. Turkish Lira Swings to Gain as Central Bank Intervenes ... - BNN

(Bloomberg) -- The Turkish lira surged after the central bank intervened in the currency market for a second time this week.

#42. Turkey's lira plunges after Erdogan fires central bank head

Turkey could be on the cusp of another currency crisis after President Recep Tayyip Erdogan abruptly fired the head of the country's central ...

#43. Turkish Lira - Travel Money

The Turkey Lira officially replaced the Ottoman Lira in 1844. You'll see it abbreviated as TRY or TL. Its market value has dramatically fluctuated over the ...

#44. What's happening with the lira? - TRT World

Ankara says the Turkish currency has come under strain due to unfounded speculation by foreign investors exploiting the vulnerabilities of ...

#45. Turkish lira plunges to record low as Erdogan doubles down

We need to abandon this irrational experiment," one former Turkish central bank deputy governor said as the lira plunged to 13.45 to the ...

#46. No policy change in sight for crashing Turkish lira - Frontline

The reason for the high prices on the energy market is the currency crisis that has been raging in Turkey for three years now. An inflation rate ...

#47. Turkish lira hits record low against US dollar | News | DW

Turkey's lira sunk to a new low against the US dollar on Tuesday. As the lira continues to tank, the Turkish working class suffer the brunt ...

#48. Erdogan introduces the Turkish lira into areas of Syria under ...

Civil servants have already started to receive their salaries in Turkish currency and food and fuel are also starting to be exchanged in lira.

#49. Turkish Liras & Money in Turkey (Where to Obtain? Useful Tips)

The currency of Turkey is the Turkish Lira. The currency code for Turkish Lira is TL/TRY and the currency symbol is.

#50. After lira tumble, Turkey faces threat of inflation and currency ...

Following the decision, the value of Turkey's lira has fallen by 4 percent, hitting 11 against the US dollar for the first time in Turkish ...

#51. Turkish lira sinks to record lows against the US dollar - The ...

People exchange Turkish lira in a bureau de change in Istanbul, Turkey. ... Turkey's currency is slumping to record lows against the US dollar, ...

#52. Turkey lira WEAKENS against US dollar as Erdogan wins bid ...

TURKEY saw its lira plunge to its weakest level since last year's currency crisis after the country's elections board ruled to scrap and ...

#53. Why Turkey's Lira is in a free fall? - Finshots

Their currency, Turkish Lira is losing value quickly. In fact, it has lost nearly 40% of its value within a year.

#54. Turkish Lira (TRY) - Overview, History, Exchange Rate Crisis

The introduction of the currency by the Roman Libra spread across Europe and the nearby eastern regions, where it began to be used throughout medieval times.

#55. Turkey's troubled lira accelerates record slide - RFI

Istanbul (AFP) – The Turkish lira suffered one of its biggest falls of the year on Tuesday and hit new historic lows to cement its status as ...

#56. Turkish lira snaps record losing-streak, but rebound leaves ...

NEW YORK/ISTANBUL -- Turkey's currency clawed back some of its losses Wednesday after falling more than 15% at one point against the dollar ...

#57. Turkish lira in free fall after latest rate cut urged by Erdogan

Turkey's lira crashed 6% to new all-time lows on Thursday after the central bank, under pressure from President Tayyip Erdogan, ...

#58. What is happening to the Turkish lira? - New Statesman

Turks are investing in electronic goods to store value as the currency collapses. ... Turkish residents took to the streets on Tuesday (23 ...

#59. Turkey's plunging lira: don't expect an end to this saga soon

The Turkish lira has once again made global headlines, with a steep drop of 15% on March 22, running from below 7.20 to the US dollar to ...

#60. Turkish lira plunges to a historic low and protests erupt after ...

A woman changes Turkish lira for USD and Euro at a currency exchange shop, in Ankara, ...

#61. Turkey's currency plummets as Erdogan doubles down on his ...

The Turkish lira fell dramatically Tuesday, hitting a record low of 13.45 to the dollar, in a currency crisis that is largely being blamed ...

#62. Turkish lira: Why is it constantly dropping? | Middle East Eye

Turkish lira : Why is it constantly dropping? President Erdogan wants lower interest rates for growth and employment, while regular Turkish ...

#63. Explained: Why Turkey's lira is crashing and what it has to do ...

And does it have anything to do with Turkey's strongman President Recep Tayyip Erdogan? Let's examine this further: What happened? The lira has ...

#64. Turkey's lira outperforms emerging currencies in Nov.

The Turkish lira has outperformed other emerging market currencies since last month, gaining some 15% against the US dollar. After reaching a ...

#65. Turkish lira slips to record low because of Erdogan - The ...

The Turkish currency, the lira, then collapsed in relation to the dollar and the euro. In turn, the dollar rose to just below 14 lira, while the ...

#66. Turkish lira soars by the most in over two years after surprise ...

The lira is, by far, the worst-performing currency against the dollar this year, having lost nearly 40% in value. The lira has halved in value ...

#67. EXPLAINER: Turkey's currency is crashing. What's the impact?

ANKARA, Turkey (AP) — Turkey's beleaguered currency has been plunging to all-time lows against the U.S. dollar and the euro in recent months ...

#68. Turkish lira in free fall after latest rate cut ... - The Irish Times

Turkey's lira crashed 6 per cent to new all-time lows on Thursday after the central bank, under pressure from president Tayyip Erdogan, ...

#69. Turkey's lira is facing turmoil after central bank upheaval - Mint

While Turkey's high nominal rates are a lure for yield hunters, its mercurial inflation and the perception that central-bank policy has been too ...

#70. Turkish Lira Slumps 1.7% as Reserves, Financing Remain Weak

Douglas Winslow, Turkey's chief analyst, told Reuters that more pressure from the currency, double-digit inflation and depleted foreign currency ...

#71. Turkey lira crashes as Erdogan warns of 'economic war' - New ...

The Turkish currency exchanged hands at more than 13 lira to the dollar, a 15 percent fall, before recovering slightly from the historic drop.

#72. Turkish lira hits record low against USD amid concerns over ...

ISTANBUL, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- The record depreciation of the Turkish lira hitting 10.45 against the U.S. dollar on Wednesday prompted ...

#73. Erdogan replaces finance minister as Turkey's lira crashes

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has appointed a new ... A woman changes Turkish lira for USD and Euro at a currency exchange shop, in.

#74. Turkish lira weakens after Fitch downgrade - Taipei Times

The Turkish lira yesterday edged lower against the US dollar after ratings agency Fitch revised the country's outlook to “negative” from ...

#75. Turkish lira sees historic fall as Erdogan wages 'economic war ...

It was trading at 12.51 against the dollar in the late afternoon — down 9.9% from Monday's close. A money changer holds ...

#76. Policy fears prompt Turkish lira and bond sell-off | Business ...

So any fall in the Turkish lira against the likes of the US dollar and the euro accentuates that debt burden. However, to add to Turkey's woes, ...

#77. United States Treaties and Other International Agreements

( 6 ) In the event the Turkish lira set aside for loans under Section 104 ( e ) of the Act are not advanced within three years from the date of this ...

#78. Turkish lira hits record low after central bank cuts rates again

Currency fell as much as 6 per cent to 11.3118 against the dollar, the biggest decline in eight months.

#79. The relentless decline of the Turkish lira, as told by FT headlines

Buying the Turkish lira, according to one analyst, is like “catching a falling knife.” Writing imaginative headlines about the currency's ...

#80. Turkish lira slumps further as central bank meeting looms and ...

The Turkish lira sunk to new lows on Wednesday ahead of a central bank meeting and after comments from President Tayyip Erdogan who vowed to ...

#81. 500000 Turkish Old Lira banknote (7th emission group 1970)

Get paid for your 500000 Turkish Old Lira banknote (7th emission group 1970). At Leftover Currency we exchange your obsolete Old Turkish Lira banknotes.

#82. Could the Turkish lira fall to 100 to the dollar? - American ...

The lira, Turkey's currency, is in free fall. A decade ago, it traded at 1.83 to the US dollar. Five years ago, it hovered around three to ...

#83. Turkish lira continues dramatic nosedive | 7NEWS

Despite widespread criticism and a plummeting lira, Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan has defended rate cuts and vowed to win his "economic ...

#84. Turkish lira in historic 15% crash after Erdogan ... - Rappler

Turkey's lira nosedived more than 15% on Tuesday, November 23, after President Tayyip Erdogan defended recent rate cuts and vowed to win his " ...

#85. Turkey's vulnerable lira plunges to record low after central ...

In a midnight decree, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan rid the central bank of key bureaucrats who opposed his calls for lower interest rates ...

#86. Donald Trump has thrown the Turkish lira under the bus - The ...

Turkey's currency. Donald Trump has thrown the Turkish lira under the bus · But the argument with America is not the only cause of Turkey's ...

#87. Explained: 5 Reasons Why The Turkish Lira Is Falling

The Turkish currency, lira, has been making headlines after depreciating around 80 percent against the US dollar so far in 2018.

#88. Turkish lira plunges after Erdogan sacks central bank governor

Turkey's lira plunged 15% to near its all-time low after markets opened following President Tayyip Erdogan's shock weekend decision to oust ...

#89. Plummeting value: Pakistani Rupee, Turkish Lira, and Iran's ...

It lost two-thirds of its value in five years, eating into the incomes of Turks along with double-digit inflation. As of Friday (November 12), ...

#90. Why Turkey's lira is collapsing again: Erdogan is back to his ...

Briefly, the Turkish president seemed to be surrendering to orthodox economics. This week, he made clear the flirtation was over.

#91. Turkey's Lira Takes a Dive and Inflation Soars | Cato Institute

For the Turkish lira (TRY), the month of May has been brutal. It has seen the lira shed 15% of its value against the U.S. dollar (USD).

#92. Turkey's currency crisis has Erdoğan pressuring central bank

Turkey's central bank is scrambling to prop up the country's spiraling currency, the lira, as rising prices leave Turks struggling to afford ...

#93. Why Turkey's Lira Is Having a Rough Year - ETF Trends

A Turkey country-specific exchange traded fund has been among the worst performers this year, as the Turkish economy grapples with a ...

#94. Stock Photo — Official Currency Republic of Turkey, Turkish Lira

Stock Photo — Official Currency Republic of Turkey, Turkish Lira · Reset · Auto-enhance · Background removal.

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