#Opinion by Ma Chung-yee 馬仲儀|"The health code advocated by the pro-Beijing camp in Hong Kong is to let the government force healthy citizens to check and disclose their physical conditions. This is a complete disregard of personal privacy and autonomy, infringement on the rights of patients, and violation of medical ethics."
Read more: https://bit.ly/3h86fOL
"建制人士現在提倡在香港推行的健康碼,是政府威迫健康的市民去檢查、公開自己的身體狀況,完全漠視個人私隱和自主權,侵犯病人權益,違反醫學倫理。"
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medical autonomy 在 阿空 Facebook 的最佳貼文
整理資料發現近兩年前去某國際研討會分享 #手天使 心得時的講稿,當時把我知道的議題面向都寫進去了。貼上來給有興趣的朋友。
[[slide page 1]]
Thank you for attending this part.
I'm from Hand Angel, a non-profit organization of Taiwan.
The title of my presentation is "As a sex worker and a sex volunteer",
since I'm both a sex worker, and also attending Hand Angel as a sex volunteer.
[[slide page 2]]
Allow me to introduce my organization more,
though you may know some from what Vincent has said in the morning.
Our main tenet is sexual rights to people with disabilities.
[[slide page 3]]
This includes not only orgasm, but also the right to control one's sexuality with autonomy and without discrimination.
People know us usually because we provide limited sexual service for servere physical or visual disabilities, including females.
Hand Angel is not a registered organization in Taiwan,
since we literally provide sexual service, which is considered against public order and morals.
However, we are still able to initiative our idea on the table
because our service are free, which means we actually do not violate any law.
[[slide page 4]]
In Taiwan, the definition of "sexual transaction" includes obscene acts in exchange for monetary,
which means it's considered transactional sex even there is no sexual intercourse.
And since transactional sex is technically illegal in Taiwan,
there's no legal way for us to charge anything by providing any service which may be considered obscenity.
This is much different in other countries.
In Japan, the law prohibiting sexual transaction only applies to intercourse between one male and one female. That's why White Hands and NOIR are able to provide paid handjob. The other reason is that they seem do not locate their service as sexual transaction. We can talk about this difference later.
And in Hong Kong, there's some way for sex workers not to be punished, which is called "one-woman brothel". So the difficulty for people with disabilities to satisfy their sexual desire would be different.
I, who has been a sex worker for years -- under the table, of course -- was invited to join Hand Angel at its very beginning.
[[slide page 5]]
People keep asking me that how a sex worker would think about a free sexual service.
But before that question, I think it's more important for us to know the difference other than money.
What's the difference between a classical transactional sex and our service?
As a sex worker, I hope my customers will come back to me more and more, as many times as they can pay.
But as a member of Hand Angel, I hope the servees would not need us anymore.
In fact, I hope they don't have to come to us at the very beginning.
The reason why people with disabilities may need sexual service, is the absence of sexual resource, the resource to fulfill one's sexual desire.
This is just like other issues of disabilities.
[[slide page 6]]
Just providing a service would not resolve the structural problem.
For example, if you give food to the poor without changing their situation, you would end up finding out that they're still poor.
Now change the "food" to "sex".
If we just give our own sex to those who barely have sexual resource, we'll end up exploiting ourselves, and their bad situation still remains.
The problem is, disabled people are considered abnormal, and they have been treated as no unnecessary needs.
But what is necessary for a person to live her own life instead of just survive?
In our issue, disabled people are usually considered asexual, and seldom sexy. That's the stigma we're going to break down.
[[slide page 7]]
There are some textures talking about disabled people in love and having sex, such as "Scarlet Road", "Sex on Wheels", and "The Sessions".
However, the narrative are usually based on ableism.
Viewers usually focus on how can the service provider "bear" to have sex with disabled people, instead of seeing the obstacles disabled people encounter.
[[slide page 8]]
A feminist has said that the relationship a disabled person has is considered depending on the compassion of the other person. People think their sexuality is disgusting and only saints are able to tolerate it.
So we can see the problem is not only physical obstacles, but also how we think about intimate relationship a disabled person deserves.
[[slide page 9]]
Does Hand Angel care about intimate issue? The answer is yes.
In our service, we provide not only sexual service. Our target is not the physical orgasm, but the infinite opportunity of their own lives.
Here are two examples.
[[slide page 10]] Little Prince
Since this servee can sense nothing below his waist, a classical handjob would be meaningless.
Fortunately, we have a BDSM queen in our team.
She thought of techniques in SM to check how pain it is to the slave, and use the same trick to check how the servee's body can feel.
I have to emphasize: that was not a medical treatment, that was about communication with each other.
They were talking about the feeling of two people, instead of the body of one person.
The whole process relies on the intimacy between the sex volunteer and the servee.
[[slide page 11]] ND
"Strolling" for him was from his room to the front door of his home.
Uh, I'm not talking about he lives in a big house.
Though using an electric wheelchair, ND's finger was not powerful enough to control the device for more than 10 minutes,
which means going out alone is not possible for him.
But after applying for our service, he trained himself to "walk" longer.
Even after our service, we were told that he kept trying to leave home and meet other friends.
Another servee has tried other entertainment such as snorkeling and paragliding after our service.
He's having a more plentiful life than before, and even than me.
[[slide page 12]]
In these cases, we can see that:
First, physical orgasm is not the only purpose of a sexual service.
Secondly, libido, or desire for sexual activity, is a strong energy for people to live.
There's a continuing question for us: People can still live without sex.
[[slide page 13]]
What's so important for disabled people to have sex?
Well, I think sex is probably not important for those who can have sex easily, but the impossibility to sex or intimacy may deny the self-esteem of a person.
Sex is an important reason for most people to make friends. So on the other hand, once a person is forced to abandon the opportunity to have sex, she (or he) might lose the energy to social activities. And that's not good for mental health.
[[slide page 14]] The 3 aspects we care about
First, physical orgasm. This is not only about sex organ, but also those come from your erogenous zone.
The problem is not only that people don't know how to interact with disabled people during sex,
but also that people do not want to know how the sex would be for people with different disabilities.
Second, intimacy. The right to have a satisfying date is also important.
Let's imagine, what if a couple of lovers want to kiss each other while seeing movie in a theater, but one of them is in wheelchair so their positions are actually separated?
Third, social integration. Many people with disabilities don't have enough opportunity to make close friends. One of the reasons is that other people usually don't know how to react with disabled people. Therefore, education is important.
[[slide page 15]] Gender Equity Education
In Taiwan, gender equity education comprises 3 parts: affective education, sex education, and gay and lesbian education.
Though I also want to introduce the situation that the conservative group is raising a proposal of referendum to forbid gay and lesbian education, but that's not the issue here so I have to skip that. I hope people who are interested in Taiwan may notice that same-sex marriage is not the only issue about gender equity.
Uh, back to disability rights movement.
As an organization which cares both gender issue and disability issue, we note that even open-minded gender activists may ignore the existence of people with disabilities.
Gender equity education is never designed or applied in the point of view of the disabled.
For example, there are some materials for teaching safe sex, but people seldom think about how a blind person should know before she (or he) masturbate or have sex.
We have a servee who once masturbated in the bathroom of his home, but couldn't clean up since not knowing where his semen reached during ejaculation, and therefore shocked his sister who later used the bathroom.
And another friend bought an artificial vagina in a sex toy store. But he didn't even know he have to erect before insertion.
[[slide page 16]] female servee
People caring about gender equity keep question us: why is there only one female servee during these 5 years after our foundation?
Well, we think the answer is complicated. But the most important one is: how difficult for a female to "confess" she has sexual desire?
We all know about "slut shaming", and those terms to humiliate females by their sexuality -- such as "bitch" and "whore".
It's difficult even for able-bodied females to state their sex experience and preference.
Then it's even more difficult for disabled females to think what she herself wants.
But before sexual activity with other people, disabled females don't even know their body well.
The only female servee we have, told us she has never seen or touched her own vagina.
So we also hosted some conferences and speeches to discuss about such situation of disabled females.
[[slide page 17]] Androcentrism
This is an important issue for us. And I think it's important for those who care about sexual health of disabled people.
Though there are some textures talking about sexual desires of disabled females. To provide sexual service or even sex education to them is barely seen.
I have to admit that, even though there are more and more female members joining us, androcentrism is still not easy to get over.
[[slide page 18]] limitations
Hand Angel provides service to those with servere physical or visual disabilities.
So here comes a frequently asked question: what about others?
The main difficulty for us is that we don't know enough about the situation of other disabilities.
Of course we know that people with other disabilities also don't have enough sexual resources,
but we ourselves do not have enough resources to share, either.
That's why we also hope other people to compose other similar organization.
Meanwhile, there are some people we cannot help because of law.
Adolescents are the ones I myself care about most,
since male teenagers have overwhelming sexual desire, and that would be hell for those with upper limb disability.
However, there are always laws prohibiting youths to have sex in every country.
[[slide page 19]]
In Taiwan, it is legal to have sexual activity after 16. No matter it's intercourse or not.
But even for an organization providing free service like us, the member who communicate with sex volunteer and the servee would be punished as a broker if the servee is younger than 18.
Actually, we do have an applier who mailed us about his desire when he was 15. What we can do is tell him to wait 3 more years.
Unfortunately, being an adult does not mean your right to sex is permitted.
[[slide page 20]]
People with intellectual disability or mental disorder are also infantilized, treated as babies or angels, and considered asexual.
The dilemma is similar to what teenagers have. Their consents are not considered valid.
That is frustrating. The law to protect them from sexual violence also tortures them.
[[slide page 21]] Acrotomophilia and devotees
While talking about disabled people in love or having sex, this is also an issue we should mention.
Some people worry about that devotees are just trying to dominate or take control of the disabled people.
This is similar to MacKinnon's dominance theory and male supremacy.
Devotees are considered to have more power in the relationship, and thus disabled people have a lack of autonomy.
I think that's a stigma, too.
The dominance theory does not deny free love. It focuses on the power issue.
Thus, the problem lies still on the absence of resources disabled people deserve.
Slanders on devotees are based on the prejudice that disabled people are never sexy,
and that denies the possibility for disabled people to have plentiful sexual activity.
The whole society shall support disabled people to have their own autonomy in their relationship.
[[slide page 22]] Difficulties
Usually, people would understand sexual desire of disabled people.
But to support it publicly is another story, especially for the organizations relying on donations.
There are some social workers and parents telling us that they want to do something to help their cases and family,
but it is still an issue which could not be spoken.
It's never been easy for us to talk about sex on the table, but it should be done.
Even for those who don't agree with the idea of sexual service, I do hope you could at least support disabled people to talk about their sex and romance.
[[slide page 23]]
This ends my report. Thank you for listening.
I'm Kong, a sex volunteer of Hand Angel from Taiwan.
medical autonomy 在 黃之鋒 Joshua Wong Facebook 的最讚貼文
【劍橋辯論會(Cambridge Union)演說:China is the New Imperial Power in Hong Kong】
雖不獲法庭批准離港,我仍在上週透過視像會議方式,參與英國劍橋辯論會(Cambridge Union)的辯論「This House Believes China is the New Imperial Power in Hong Kong」。
發言期間,除解說香港淪落為警察城市(Police State)的源由,直斥在習近平主政下,人民權利不斷受到侵害;我亦以武漢肺炎為例,提到政權面對疫情爆發,多番以中國國家利益與民族認同,凌駕港人切身安危。
其實官員拒絕完全封關和強制隔離入境陸客,同時兩地社會融合與經濟活動在過去十年越加頻繁,反倒成為香港憂慮疫情難以受控的主因,更說明港中區隔的當務之急,而管治失能只會促使民間自救呼聲越加頻繁,不再寄望和依賴政府。
https://youtu.be/xx0uGpJV38U
#眾志國際連結 #SelfGovernance
Cambridge Union Debate: This House Believes China is the New Imperial Power in Hong Kong
When we speak of Imperial Power, it doesn’t necessarily mean a colonial power. But we are referring to an act of expanding influence and authority over a territory through political, legal, economic or even military means. And indeed, the Chinese communist government has exerted that influence over Hong Kong since the Handover in 1997 and escalated that influence more rapidly and more aggressively after 2003.
The principle of ‘One Country, Two Systems’ is a fragile ruling philosophy defining China-Hong Kong relations, guaranteeing the global financial city its autonomy. But in the past 22 years, Beijing intervened on many fronts already, abusing this ruling philosophy and implementing authoritarian measures upon Hong Kong citizens.
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My activism experience serves as a clear case for the motion. Hong Kong’s civil society has long been the constant target of state attack, and the motive is crystal clear: to eradicate opposition in order to maintain China’s dominating influence over Hong Kong. The Oppression of personal freedoms is merely one case in point.
Last year in June, shortly after serving my prison sentence, I went protesting against the controversial extradition bill, exercising my freedom to assembly. The government arrested me again and charged me of inciting people taking part in an unlawful assembly. Then I went contesting in local election, yet the government banned me from running for office because of my political stance.
I then turned to international advocacy, planning to fly to the United Kingdom and other European countries to explain our democratic and peaceful cause. Regrettably, the court thought this parliamentary hearing is not important and rejected my travel application. Every time I spoke in parliamentary hearings, no matter in person or via skype, the Chinese foreign ministry would condemn that parliament for colliding with a so-called separatist who has never advocated independence.
Following these encounters, it's become clear now I'm deprived of the right to the election, freedom of movement, freedom of assembly (not allowed to appear on designated area), and freedom of speech. The civil liberties guaranteed in the constitution are however no longer applicable to me. These oppressive measures are not out of political context.
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#重點在此 I’d also argue that time and again, China’s national pride and interests override Hong Kong’s own interests. The development in the past decade has shown that many of the competitive edges of Hong Kong as a global financial city like rule of law, free flow of information, checks and balances are compromised and give way to Xi Jinping’s Chinese Dream. The Wuhan Coronavirus outbreak precisely explain this argument. Hong Kong, given its proximity to mainland China, is highly prone to infection and spread of disease.
Instead of taking strict measures to prevent public health crisis from erupting, the Hong Kong government, as of today, still refused to close the border, allowing countless potential cases flee to Hong Kong and further dampen the burden of Hong Kong’s medical services. From the moment that Xi Jinping’s image become the top priority, the autonomous decision-making mechanism of the Hong Kong government has collapsed.
The opposing side may argue that China is not imperial power in HK because integration and cooperation in the past have fostered but not encroached economic development in Hong Kong and our city does benefit from it. I’m afraid I cannot agree with this viewpoint at all.
Growing socio-economic integration with China, more connected transport infrastructure like the High-Speed Railway, are accounted for the city’s outbreak of Coronavirus. The first five patients confirmed positive to the virus were passengers of the Railway. Behind the grand narratives of ‘economic integration’ is more blatant aggression of the Hong Kong system. Hong Kong always has to give in and make up for its sovereign country’s faulty policy.
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In conclusion, I have two questions for everyone. Can citizens in New York directly elected their mayor? Yes. Can citizens in London directly their mayor? Yes. We are not asking go too far, but just hope to ask for election rather that selection under Chinese rule to hand-pick those Beijing Loyalists.People in Hong Kong is not experiencing rule of law but only suffering from rule by tear gas. The root cause of crisi is police brutality, which included live round fired towards high school students, young lady being gang rape in police stations and 8000 people arrested from the age of 11 to 84.
When offenses are committed and the offenders are prosecuted as is now happening, there’s no damage to the rule of law at all. It’s only when police officers who beat people up and none of them has even been arrested, that the rule of law is damaged. There’s no rule of law when the brutality of police officers goes unpunished!
Therefore, the House should recognize the fact that China is not only the new imperial power in HK, but it is also an authoritarian and oppressive imperial power since Emperor Xi took over the power. The continuing intervention of the Chinese authorities in Hong Kong’s local affairs presents a fundamental challenge to the continuation of HK peoples identity and way of life.
We are proud to be HongKongers and we hope to determine our own future. That’s the reason for cross-generation of HKers to fight for freedom and wish you can stand with Hong Kong. Thank you.
medical autonomy 在 Medical Ethics 2 - The Four Principles - Prima Facie Autonomy ... 的推薦與評價
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