關於 it's true意思 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

【睡不著】

深夜、清晨、黎明，聽著一些你喜歡的歌曲，可以令你回到腦袋內那個不知名的幽閉空間，在那裡，只有你自己的感覺、感動、感情，沒有人打擾，思緒沉澱著，思憶再泛起。

BENI(安良城紅)，我很喜歡的一個日本混血歌手，除了自己的作品(很多都是她自己填詞)，她亦曾推出過幾張cover CD，即翻唱一些日本經典金曲，除了改了編曲以貼近當代口味，更重要是她會親自改詞成英文版本，好似咧首大家好熟悉的黎明“sayorana oh, sayorana oh" (我的親愛)，而且英文歌詞同日文原版意思很相似，實在太有才了的大美人！

Everything I do leads me back to you, The little things that keep you inside my heart, Trying to let go but the memory's too strong, I'm trapped inside this heartbreak, the loneliness since you've gone.

I know it's true, someday I'll forget you, All those little dreams we left unfulfilled, Believe in the hope that a new day brings, I'll make a brand new start without you.

I was in love, truly was in love, All that I knew was out of loving you, But I made a promise to myself that I'll Never say I'll never love again.

有誰，此刻也睡不著？

https://youtu.be/Lu-9xqEpK-Y

哈佛知識分享:《做生意的三個 S》 - 七集介紹、第一及第二集。

做生意有三個 S: Survive (生存), Sustain (持續), and Succeed (成功).

全文內容:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1grPxQjlN7OUFarSI3KYLgbQL1-7Bw3-X3uPTqV9_mZA/edit?usp=drivesdk

。。。。。。。

My hobby 《星期六早餐會》!

七/八/九月份早餐會 Topic: Applying "Michael Porter" to your business: How to compete and win!

哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏?

講起哈佛策略教授， 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程， 今次早餐會同你分享，希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。

有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。

7月/8/9月份，逢星期六早上9時開始，約三小時半。地點中環。

對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層，連我限4位。

有興趣參加的話，請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。

我唔係靠呢行搵食，免費，我請食早餐 😉 Be friends ..... 有機會到時見你。李根興 Edwin

www.edwinlee.com.hk
www.bwfund.com

聯絡李根興 whatsapp (+852) 90361143

。。。。。。。

1. 先講生存 survive - 即係收入多過支出。連錢都賺唔到，日日蝕做乞衣，唔好講嘢。 絕大部分生意，五年內都係生存唔到!

2. 再講持續性 sustain - 持續地賺到錢，持續地收入多過支出，Sustaining 養活咗99%中小企， 但佢哋永遠都係中小企 ，因為可能幾十年業績都浮浮沉沉!

3. 要成功就講 Succeed, I mean become really really Super Successful - How to win? 就要講策略 Strategy.

Do you have a strategy? 你做生意有無策略?

根據哈佛最出名嘅策略教授 Michael Porter "The first test of a strategy is whether your value proposition is different from your rivals. If you are trying to serve the same customers and meet the same needs and sell at the same relative price, then you don't have a strategy. "

如果你嘅價值主張係同你嘅競爭對手一樣， 即係話你服務緊同一班客， 解決緊同一問題， 收緊差唔多價錢的話， 哈佛教授米高波特就講你係「人做你做」，你「無策略」 。 長遠，你唔會賺大錢! You can only sustain, but cannot be super successful! 咁應該點?

Understanding Michael Porter! 何謂競爭? 何謂策略? 如何勝出? What is competition? What is strategy? How to win?

Michael Porter 相信係仲在生最出名嘅大學策略教授， 佢1979年首次提出嘅 Porter's Five Competitive Forces (行業競爭五大動力)， 1980提出嘅 Four Generic Strategies (四個一般策略)， 1985年再提出嘅 Value-Chain Analysis (價值鏈分析)， 讀過任何 business school 嘅同學都應該學過。 佢今年已經七十四歲， 唔知仲可以教多幾耐書，有幸我2017年去哈佛大學親身上過佢課程，畢生受用。

今次我就一連七集，同你分享呢本書 Understnding Michael Porter。

(1) Competition, what's the right mindset? 你應該點諗「競爭」?

(2) What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響?

(3) Competitive advantage through your value chain 你的企業價值鏈如何令你有競爭優勢?

(4) What is strategy? How do you create value? 什麼是策略 ? 你如何創造價值?

(5) The trade-offs. 要「取」得更多，就要「捨」得更多。 做生意如何「取捨」?

(6) Fit. 成間公司要言行一致! 全部力要向同一個方向走。

(7) Continuity. 持續性，無得急! 路遙知馬力!

有興趣聽多啲，就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下一集同你先講 (1) What is competition? what's the right mindset? 乜嘢係「競爭」? 你應該點諗「競爭」?

第一集:

哈佛知識分享:《何謂競爭? 你應點諗競爭?》What is competition? What's the right mindset?

一連七集: 今集同你先講《何謂競爭? 你應點諗競爭?》What is competition? What's the right mindset?

做生意你可以 Me Too, Me Better 或者 .... Me What? 乜嘢? 等陣再講。

Me too, 就係「人做你做」， 你要贏，只能夠鬥平! 同一碟乾炒牛河， 如果一樣味道，你就係要賣平啲，人哋先幫襯你。

Me better，就係你做得叻啲，你做得好啲、快啲、靚啲、新啲， 咁你就可以收貴啲! 你碟乾炒牛河，真材實料的，好味啲，就可以賣貴啲。

可惜前兩者，都係一個零和遊戲。 你贏，就人哋輸。 人哋贏，就你輸。個餅係得咁大，你日日講 market share (市場佔有率)，但無新行業價值製造過， 個餅冇大到。

根據哈佛策略教授 Michael Porter， 做生意除咗 Me Too, Me Better, 你要盡量做到 NOT Me Best ... but ME ONLY. Be unique! 你做生意必需具獨特性。

佢話做生意 there is simply NO BEST! 冇話「最好」，因為唔同人客有唔同需要，你嘅產品啱，他們自然有需求。你要「創造需要」!

包括我在內， 之前香港都無「商舖基金」，買賣舖只有鬥平鬥靚。 但如果間鋪又要靚，又賣得平，硬係無錢賺。唯有靠大市升。但萬一唔升? 一個社運/肺炎，馬上個個炒家/投資者停晒。 依家個市好啲， 馬上「短炒」出返曬嚟。 但我覺得做生意係唔可以靠個市升去賺錢。 要個市跌，甚至乎大跌，都搵到食，咁先至係一盤生意。 容許我好自豪地講，社運/肺炎後，我哋買入咗31間香港街舖，沽出咗11間，合共約港幣7.9億嘅街舖，沽得嘅，間間賺錢，論宗數及論回報，都係同期全港 by far，I mean really really by far 最多! 我哋點做? 就係因為我哋行咗 Michael Porter 所講嘅，Be Unique ... be ME ONLY.

根據呢本書，Understanding Michael Porter, 佢講 what's the right mind-set for competition? 你應該點諗競爭?

盡量得，你應該諗 Not be the the best, but be unique。 唔係要做到最好，而係做到最獨特。

Not be number 1, but earn higher returns. 唔係要做到第一，而係要多啲回報，賺多啲錢!

Not focus on market share, but focus on profits. 唔係要市佔率，係要利潤。

Not serve the "best" customer with "best" product, but meet the diverse needs of target customers. 唔係要「最好」嘅產品，畀「最好」嘅客。而係 用唔同嘅產品，滿足唔同顧客嘅需求。

Not compete by imitation, but compete by innovation. 唔係人做你做，而係要創新!

Not ZERO SUM game, but POSITIVE SUM. 唔係「零和遊戲」、互相廝殺， 而係大家從不同層面創造價值， 可以有好多個贏家。

記住競爭，唔代表你一定要贏人。 打到兩敗俱傷，又有乜意思呢? 如果即使你打唔打低人，自己能夠賺多啲錢，咁又 why not? 點解要去打低人呢?

"Strategy explains how an organization, faced with competition, will achieve superior performance. The definition is deceptively simple." by Michael Porter.

好的策略，就係能夠解釋到點解有競爭對手環境下，你公司依然能夠達致較高回報。

Operation effectiveness is different from having a good strategy. 有高嘅營運效率，唔代表有好嘅策略。

Michael Porter 話 Operation effectivness 就好似隻老鼠喺個圈入面係咁跑咁， 無論你點跑得快，你都只係繼續喺個圈入面。 你可以勤力啲、做得快啲、做得好啲，但始終你繼續都係喺個圈入面。

但有好嘅策略，a good strategy , 就能幫你跳出呢個圈，帶去你想去嘅地方。

"If rivals all pursue the "one best way" to compete, they will find themselves on collision course." by Michael Porter

「如果所有競爭對手，都朝著一個「做到最好」的方向競爭， 大家只會撞到頭破血流。」

"Strategic competition means choosing a path different from that of others." by Michael Porter

「策略性競爭是指揀一條同競爭對手唔同的路。」

好似間茶餐廳咁， 你可以炒餸快啲，上菜快啲，服務好啲，埋單走多兩轉， 但係始終都係一間茶餐廳，只係做緊 Me Too 或者 Me Better. 人哋唔去你嗰間，就去另一間，係一個「零和遊戲」。 無論你點做得快啲、好啲，競爭對手一樣都會嘗試追上。 無策略，你會跑得好辛苦。 喺個圈入面繼續跑來跑去。

另一種諗法，或者你可以把間茶餐廳， 變成專做外賣， 加埋其他餐廳上你平台， 加下加下，變下變下，變成間 Deliveroo。同前者一樣，大家都係做食，但你專做外賣，咁你會唔會係 more unique? 更獨特! Earn higher returns， compete by innovation AND 做大啲個餅 positive sum game 呢? 會唔會有原本唔想食茶餐廳嘅人，都叫咗外賣返屋企食呢? Deliveroo 依家倫敦上市嘅市值係超過500億港幣， 試問有幾多間茶餐廳或飲食集團能做到呢?

唔想咁大改變? 試想想賣漢堡包。 麥當勞係全球最大快餐店，唔駛講。 佢嘅漢堡包係賣得最快，最多! 但你識唔識呢個女人? Lynsi Snyder. In-N-Out Burger 第三代接班人。

Michael Porter 話相比起麥當勞，佢唔係要最快最大最多，In-N-Out Burger 係要最新鮮嘅食材，never frozen, never microwaved，最有傳統風味，最具 family tradition 家族色彩， 餐牌/秘方基本上70年都不變過。McDonald / Burger King 餐牌有超過80樣嘢揀，佢只得少過15。

佢要嘅係家庭傳統 family tradition！ 佢係要做少啲，做好啲，每人分多啲。雖然每間分店都賺到錢， 以舖比舖，平均每間In-N-Out Burger 舖嘅營業額係每年450萬美金，高過麥當勞的舖平均每年260萬美金，高出七成。每間 In-N-Out 舖嘅 Profit margin 估計高達20％，比同行競爭對手亦高出一倍， 佢就係要特登開少啲，開慢啲。用咗70年時間， 只係開咗三百幾間，全部自己直接經營兼自置物業， 為咗容易管理，絕大部分分店都係喺美國西岸。 佢每開一間分店往往啲人都要大排長龍， 有人揸幾個鐘頭車，甚至乎搭飛機/酒店過夜專登去食。

......

因為每間舖賺到錢，個個員工人工都特別高。例如，根據網上薪酬統計網站 Glassdoor.com，In-N-Out Burger 嘅 Store Manager 店長平均人工加花紅，係年薪美金16萬3千元。 麥當勞? 係美國只係4萬4千美金。In-N-Out Burger 高出近3倍。 最基層員工，人工都比市場高出5成。人工高，自然員工做耐啲，平均Store Manager 店長都做17年，員工上下一家人感覺強啲，對人客笑容自然多啲，服務好啲。

比起麥當勞，佢哋唔係鬥快鬥多。In-N-Out Burger 每個客往往都要等成起碼十分鐘先有漢堡包食。提起 Mobile ordering 手機落單， 咁啲人客唔使等咁耐? 聽下佢 CEO Lynsi Snyder 點講?

......

Be definition of Michael Porter, In-N-Out Burger is pursuing a different path from that of others. 行緊條自己嘅路。Be unique! Not to be number 1, but to earn higher returns. Not to focus on market share, but on profit. 唔同嘅客有唔同需求，既然自己回報可以高啲，點解需要打低競爭對手呢? Positive Sum Game, 個餅係做大咗! 雖然佢聲稱永遠都唔搞 franchise，永遠唔搞上市，全部自己親自經營，根據2021年福布斯富豪榜，In-N-Out 第三代老闆 Lynsi Snyder 身家現有36億美金，係榜內最年輕女士。 麥當勞嘅創辦人呢? 都唔知去咗邊度!

你呢? 你又打算點樣同人競爭? 記住，Michael Porter 話:

"In the vast majority of businesses, there is simply no such thing as "the best.""
絕大部分嘅生意， 冇嘢叫做絕對嘅「最好」!

BE UNIQUE. 做到 ME ONLY!

"Winning without beating others!" 「唔使打低競爭對手都勝出!」咁先至係「贏」嘅最高境界。

有興趣聽多啲 Michael Porter，就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下集我再同你講 (2) What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響?

有時間就睇埋幾年前 CBS 對In-N-Out Burger 嘅報導，家族經歷過幾次嘅悲劇，依家留到第三代，佢哋嘅堅持可能亦對你做生意有所啟發。

第二集:

哈佛知識分享: What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響?

The real point of competition is not to beat rivals. It's to earn profits.

競爭，最重要唔係要打低競爭 對手，而係要賺錢! - My favorite quote from Michael Porter.

今次一連七集同你講 Michael Porter. 上集同你講咗《何謂競爭? 你應點諗競爭?》What is competition? What's the right mindset? 今集同你講 (2) What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響?

巴菲特 Warren Buffett 曾經講過: “When a management with a reputation for brilliance tackles a business with a reputation for poor fundamental economics, it is the reputation of the business that remains intact.”

當好聲譽嘅經理， 遇上差回報聲譽嘅行業，通常係行業嘅聲譽會繼續留低。

因此我經常話「先揀行業，後諗點做!」 做生意就好似賽馬比賽咁，要勝出，行業就係隻馬，老闆就係個騎師。 隻馬識飛嘅，騎師煲兩口煙都能勝出， 如果佢再加把勁， 鞭多兩下，咁就不得了， 可能賺到盤滿缽滿! 但如果隻馬係跛嘅，唔通騎師跑埋一份咩?! 咁就騎師唯有先要醫番好隻馬，再去比賽， 咁勝出機會率才更大。

但如何分析隻馬 (即係個行業) fit 唔 fit? 根據哈佛大學最出名嘅策略教授 Michael Porter，佢1979年首次提出嘅 Porter's Five Competitive Forces (行業競爭五大動力)， 從五個層面分析個行業得唔得， 亦都係可以就住呢五個層面加強隻馬嘅競爭力。

分別係:

(1) Bargaining Power of Buyers 買家的議價能力。

(2) Bargaining Power of Suppliers 供應商的議價能力。

(3) Barriers to Entry 入行門檻。

(4) Threat of Substitutes 代替品的威脅。

(5) Internal Rivalry 內部競爭的激烈程度。

近年好多人提出，應再加多第6個:

(6) Availability of Complements 互補商品的存在。

要賺錢就係希望價錢 (Price) 高過成本 (Cost)， 相差越大，你就賺錢越多。 但你要賺錢，你要知道你唔單止係同你競爭對手爭緊， 你同一時間係同緊你嘅買家、供應商、代替品、及潛在入行競爭者爭! 逐個逐個同你講，因為:

(1) 越大買家的議價能力 Bargaining Power of Buyers，就會把你價錢越撳低， 因為買家佢哋會講價，所以唔可以太依賴某個買家。

一般嚟講，如果最大嘅客戶佔你超過10%營業額，或者最大五個客戶佔你25%或以上營業額， 你就有customer concentration risk, 過份客戶集中的風險。 因為你好怕佢哋走， 佢哋議價能力就自然提升。 好多廠，某個歐美大客訂單都分分鐘佔咗超過一半生意額， 因此經常畀人牽住鼻子走，好多嘢做，但賺唔到錢。

"Powerful buyers will force prices down or demand more value in the product, thus capturing more of the value for themselves." by Michael Porter

「議價能力強嘅買家，會把價格推低或者對產品要求提升， 從而買家自己得到更大價值。」

包括我自己在內， 前排某大美資基金，管理美金資產幾百億，話同俾我幾十億同我合作投資商舖，但條件多多， 又呢樣又嗰樣 ... 唔只一間，仲有好多其他，我全部 say No。 就係因為我唔想過份依靠某大客，當我無本事。 我想細細間，慢慢增長，玩耐啲。遠遠好過霎時間爆發得太快，遲早市況一逆轉就爆鑊。

我成日話，我每季只係希望集資港幣6000萬，加我自己 top up 25%， 冇咁大個頭，唔好戴咁大頂帽 。我自己個 fund 每季集資，每年淨資產增長四五億港幣，每個月拉勻買入港幣5000萬街舖，沽2000萬，I'm happy! 買下買下，好快就買足1000間街舖。要依賴就依賴我自己，信得過多好多。

為咗增長，你又有冇過份依賴某個或幾個大客呢? 如果佢哋鏈你或者執咗，你又會點呢?

仲有， 唔單止客人大，佢哋嘅議價能力先至強。如果你嘅產品係市場係冇乜差異化， no differentiation, 人做你做， me too strategy, 個個都係度格價的話，佢哋買家議價能力都係好強。因為人哋平一蚊，佢哋就走咗，buyers are very "price sensitive", 你為咗留客，唯有減價。因此，you have to be different， 同其他競爭對手有所唔同， 咁即是你加價，買家都留低幫襯你。 但問心，你盤生意同人哋又有幾唔同呢?

(2) 越大供應商的議價能力 Bargaining Power of Suppliers，就會把你成本提升，因為供應商佢哋會加價。員工、舖嘅業主都係間茶餐廳嘅供應商。 銀行就係財務公司嘅供應商， 我最大嘅供應商就係嗰班沽舖嘅業主， 因為每個月我洗緊五千萬入貨。

"Powerful suppliers will charge higher prices or insist on more favorable terms, lowering industry profitability." by Michael Porter

「議價力強嘅供應商，會收貴啲價錢，或者要求更有利嘅條款 ，導致降低成個行業嘅利潤率。」

香港好多生意都係代理某品牌/產品或 franchise (特許經營)開始，佢哋都係供應商。但如果咁多年不斷都只係靠做代理/franchise，好就好，萬一外國某品牌易手或同第二代唔啱，咁就大鑊。

Michael Porter 話，如果 switching cost (轉換成本)係高嘅， 例如果佢哋要重新當地請人 、重新開舖、重新鋪設個網絡，供應商都可能焗住留低，佢哋嘅 bargaining power (議價能力)會下降。 但如果， 一下子終止代理或 franchise 協議，就所有嘢歸佢，咁你就大鑊! 供應商嘅議價能力極強， 就好似香港嘅7-11咁。

7-11而家在香港開到一千間分店，當中大約400間係特許經營。話就話係特許經營比創業者創業，實質上所有嘢都係歸牛奶公司 (7-11母公司)， 加盟者其實只係攞住嚿錢打份工， 話走就走，人客都唔知發生乜事。 問心，你同我都唔知邊間7-11是嗰400間特許經營。咁樣供應商的議價能力 bargaining power of supplier 就極強。 因此， 我認識好多711的加盟者， 勤力守規矩一定搵到食，但發達，住山頂洋樓養番狗?! 我 so far 仲未聽過。

做生意目標，根據 Michael Porter, 就係要把你嘅供應商議價能力降低。 從多啲唔同渠道入貨，流程盡量標準化，好似大家樂/McDonald's 咁，咁對員工既依賴程度亦都會降低。 做代理嘅，就 make sure 即使唔做，啲人物、網絡係歸你。 我識好多朋友，都係一面做代理，另一邊就建立自己品牌， 打長短棍做生意。 代理係短棍(賺錢)，自己品牌係長棍(投資)，睇長線。

你又打算點降低你對供應商嘅依賴程度， 增強你自己嘅議價能力呢?

(3) 越低入行門檻 Barrier of Entry 就會把你價錢下降及成本提升， 因為多人入嚟爭，自然大家都減價促銷及加價搶人搶貨。

"Entry barriers protect an industry from newcomers who would add new capacity." by Michael Porter

入行門檻會減低新加入者增加產量。 產量多，自然價格下跌。 向供應放入貨都會多咗，亦都會搶高來貨價。 因此做生意嘅你，就要盡將個入行門檻提升。主要有三方法:

(1) 做到好大，有規模經濟(economies of scale)， 咁你每件貨生產嘅平均成本就會下降，即是規模報酬遞增(increasing returns to scale)， 咁競爭對手就好難入嚟同你爭。

(2) 做到好專， 只要你有某專業知識，人客就會好依賴獨有技能。 例如我自己唔單止淨係投資地產，我係專買街舖。 我唔單止係領展/黑石等大地產基金，大我唔夠他們大，但我係專買香港五六千萬以下街舖嘅商舖基金。 當你做得專，人客自然好難搵替代品。

(3) 當多一個人客使用，對原本個人客價值就提升，this is what we call "Network Effect" (網絡效應)。例如whatsapp/wechat/facebook/youtube，全世界只得你一個人用就冇用，越人用對你嘅價值就提升。

如果你有齊以上三樣嘢，恭喜你，新競爭對手好難入嚟同你爭! 你有排賺錢。 但如果你三樣都冇，你只係 Me too Me Better 嘅策略的話， 我估你只會繼續浮浮沉沉, survive (生存) and sustain (持續)唔難, 但好難 become super successful (好成功).

第四動力 : (4) 越大代替品的威脅 Threat of Substitites 就會把你價格下降， 因為人客可以選擇其他商品，唔駛用你。

"Substitutes - products or services that meet the same basic need as the industry's product in a different way - put a cap on industry profitability. " by Michael Porter

「產品或者服務嘅代替品， 會把整個行業嘅利潤封頂。」

例如 DVD rental 租碟， 令到好多人唔駛買碟. 有 Netflix 嘅 streaming 就唔駛再去租碟。 有高鐵就搭少啲飛機， 有whatsapp就打少啲電話， 有數碼相機就少人用菲林相機。It's all true!

因此你經常都要諗下你嘅行頭會唔會突然間有代替品 substitutes 去衝擊你成個行業。 咁你點應對呢?

包括我自己在內，有網購，就自然落少間舖買嘢。 因此長遠舖價必定受網購影響。 但我只買街舖， 香港有大約有十萬間街舖， 我只想好似7-11咁，當中揸住一千間，我係業主。即1％。 我相信網購點發達，都唔會快過你行過條街口喝入去7-11買包嘢飲。 因此我揀舖都要好小心。 我只買街埔，係因為街舖冇新供應。 網站可以有好多個，商場可以再起一千個，但街鋪無。 啟德、東涌、將軍澳、明日大嶼都好，都係無街舖賣。 物以罕為貴。而我盡量都只買可以做飲食及服務業嘅街舖， 難被網購取代。如果純粹做零售、乾貨，投資就要好小心。

你行頭嘅產品或者服務，又輕唔輕易被替代品取代呢?

最後 (5) 越大內部競爭的激烈程度 Internal Rivalry 價格就越低及成本也越高，因為大家同行都鬥平鬥靚， 可能導致割喉式競爭。

"If rivalry is intense, companies compete away the value they create, passing it on to buyers in lower prices or dissipating it in higher costs of competing." by Michael Porter

如果行頭有割喉式競爭，任何價值製造嘅利潤， 都會因為減價或者成本上升而消失。

咁你又點知道你個行頭易唔易會有割喉式競爭? 睇6樣嘢:

(1) 大家競爭對手係唔係差唔多大細，好多好散。好似街市咁，咁就好容易減價競爭。 但如突然有一兩個大嘅龍頭冒起， 好似百佳/惠康咁，反而會穩定價格。

(2) 大家賣嘅產品差唔多， 好容易格價。 例如手機品牌、電子產品。

(3) 好多人入嚟爭，唔係為錢而爭， 而係為社會貢獻或者國家任務而爭。

(4) 整體行業增長好慢， 甚至乎收縮，變成「困獸鬥」

(5) 產品係 "perishable" 即係 時間係敵人! 呢一刻唔要，之後想要返都唔得。 例如: 酒店房，今晚唔住，聽日就有其他人。 機位今日唔答，聽日就已經飛走咗。 因此今日就大家都要劈價求售。

(6) High Exit Barrier 高離開行業嘅門檻， 好多生意，唔係話走就走，好多面子面俾、好多員工要炒、好多數要找、 老豆、阿爺留落嚟， 阿孫阿仔焗住要做， 有生意但唔識變通嘅，唯有減價。

"Price competition is the most dangerous form of rivalry." by Michael Porter

價格競爭係最危險嘅競爭。

好彩我選擇買舖。因為間間街舖都唔同，有獨特，無炒家會入嚟做蝕本生意，即時今日唔減價賣，一百年後間舖都仲喺度，時間係朋友，舖價仲分分鐘升咗。

自問，平時你又有幾大劈價求售嘅壓力呢? 你點樣可以做得獨特性，唔同人哋割喉式競爭呢? 把時間變成朋友呢?

以上就係 Michael Porter 1979年首次提出嘅 Porter's Five Competitive Forces (行業競爭五大動力)， 近年好多人都提倡應該有第六個。

(6) Availability of Complements 互補商品的存在 (仲於有個好嘢!) 。越多就越把價錢提升及成本下降，因為多咗馬路 (車嘅 complements) 就自然更多人想買車， 更多人想買車，就自然車價格上升，每架車生產及銷售成本也下降。

做餐廳嘅，Deliveroo 可能係 complements 互補品, 馬上送外賣成本下降。 做電動車嘅，多啲充電站就係互補品，令到多啲人買電動車。4G/5G 上網快咗，係手機遊戲嘅 completment. 唔同嘅 Apps 都係買手機嘅 completment. 越多人創業，都係我買舖嘅 complement.

Michael Porter 話做生意，就要明白以上五加一項的行業推動力，點樣影響整個行業嘅利潤。 頭五樣，is not Add-Up effect，唔係睇總和，而係只要一個差至極點， 成個行頭及你盤生意好易玩完。

例如有咗手機網上新聞之後， threat of substitute 代替品嘅威脅，舊式嘅報紙檔/雜誌社就執一間少一間。 如果你做餐廳只得一間舖，咁多年來太依賴某業主單一位置， 唔知係咪因為風水好定心頭好，萬一業主一沽舖，下手買家大幅加租，盤生意也馬上玩完。記住 Bargain power of supplier 業主就係你供應商， 如果你冇得搬，佢議價能力就好強。

因此，做生意你就係要盡量想辦法， 把握以上五加一動力，加強你自己嘅生意穩定性及賺錢能力。記住，一開場我話:

The real point of competition is not to beat rivals. It's to earn profits.

競爭，最重要唔係要贏對手，而係要賺錢! 要賺錢，長遠賺得穩定，就要好好把握頭5大動力，把他們盡量推下降，及第6動力盡量拉上升。

有興趣一齊研究下點做? 聽多啲 Michael Porter，就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下集我再同你講 (3) Competitive advantage through your value chain 你的企業價值鏈如何令你更具競爭優勢?

。。。。。

My hobby 《星期六早餐會》!

七/八/九月份早餐會 Topic: Applying "Michael Porter" to your business: How to compete and win!

哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏?

講起哈佛策略教授， 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程， 今次早餐會同你分享，希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。

有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。

7月/8月份，逢星期六早上9時開始，約三小時半。地點中環。

對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層，連我限4位。

有興趣參加的話，請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。

我唔係靠呢行搵食，免費，我請食早餐 😉 Be friends ..... 有機會到時見你。李根興 Edwin

www.edwinlee.com.hk
www.bwfund.com

聯絡李根興 whatsapp (+852) 90361143

#michael_porter #競爭策略

🌻另一個Zoom會議(第二次貼......有補上一些內容)
繼上次的年報導讀會議後, 讓我們再做另一個會議! 這次很榮幸邀請到一位對估值很有見解的股友前輩來帶大家了解估值(恩, 這次我會是主持人, 不是主講人).
主題: 估值(valuation)分享會(Cat: 這不算基礎的估值會議)
主講人: 小揚(from安泰價值投資)
https://www.facebook.com/antaiinvestment　(此為小揚的粉絲頁)
參與者: 具基本估值能力. 若打算參加者, 請事先跟我(請私訊)提出一個關於估值的case study, 到時候可在會議中分享(最好是以投影片形式呈現, 這樣到時候好跟大家分享). 若有估值的問題, 也可以提出.
Case study可以是美股, 也可以是台股.
時間: 台灣時間07/10 (周六)晚間９點.
預計一個小時(不會像上次那樣冗長了😅): 前30分鐘由小揚做分享, 後30分鐘大家分享估值案例&提問
進行方式: 以Zoom進行(之後會私訊會議資訊給參與者)

🌻Morgan Stanley Mid-year Investor Outlook: A tricky transition

https://www.morganstanley.com/ideas/midyear-2021-global-markets-outlook

🌻在您投資生涯中, 有沒有一些觀念讓您受用很多?
下面這位投資名人的好觀念影響我很深. 他的意思是, 一般投資人, 只要能説出三個買一家公司的理由, 就很夠了. 這也迫使我, 每次在買股票時, 問自己對這家公司的了解有多少. 也會去衡量公司的優點與缺點在哪裡.

"It is vital (重要的) that you know what you own, that if I asked you on the street why you like a certain stock, you can give me three reasons. If you don't know how they make their money, who their key clients are and what they make if, then I will tell you that you are over your head and should not own individual stocks."

全文在此:
Jim Cramer: In Times Like This, Go for the Easy Money
Look at the stocks you own. Can you tell me why you've got them? If you can't answer the following three questions, then have a look at several I like right now.

We've endured the meme stock craziness, with all of its love for heavily shorted stocks. We have watched the collapse of bitcoin to levels viewed as shocking, even if they are still more than double where they were not that long ago. We've dealt with Fed officials making it clear that they are no longer on the side of the bulls or the bears. They are on the side of job growth, but are wary of inflation. We've seen the end of the rush to get vaccines, which means that millions of people are going to get the new COVID variant, because there is no natural immunity to it. We've watched as the hopes for an infrastructure bill have collapsed. We've endured shortages of everything from chips to plastic to imported goods and labor.

And we're still standing, yeah, yeah, yeah.

Yep, we are in one of those halcyon moments, where the masks are off -- even if they shouldn't be -- and Americans are back doing what they do best: consume, spend, go out to eat and then consume and spend some more.

There are times in the stock market where the collective mindset is revealed. This is one of those times: Things are cool, it's not a big moment, there's no real news for a bit, it's the historically strong period and we can reach some conclusions about where we are.

When things are like this, it is important to remember that buyers like to revert to tried-and-true companies that thrive no matter what. These are companies that have an edge and are better at what they do than other companies.

You know that I am a great believer in index funds, that the average person doesn't have the time or the inclination to research individual stocks. It's a difficult barrier. I think you need to make time to read the quarterly report and listen to the conference call, to Google articles and, if possible, get some research about the companies you own. It is vital that you know what you own, that if I asked you on the street why you like a certain stock, you can give me three reasons. If you don't know how they make their money, who their key clients are and what they make if, then I will tell you that you are over your head and should not own individual stocks. I am reminded by this, because, once again, without a mask, I can be recognized and if I am not holding "Nvidia the Second," I can carry on a conversation.

I have had many in the last two weeks and when I have asked this litany of questions, I find myself at a loss as to why almost no one knew what they owned. But they thirsted for individual stocks, because they, like me, think things are better post pandemic. No, that's not a facetious comment. Many, many stocks did better with a stay-at-home economy. A huge number.

So what do I do? I revert to what others do when you are stumped about how to stay in touch with stocks, but want to do less homework. That means buying stocks that are accessible, not stocks like Unity (U) or Snowflake (SNOW) or Twilio (TWLO) or Okta (OKTA) .

I revert to normal businesses people know and I suggest they Google some articles, peruse the conference call, but, above all, like the company's products so you can buy more if it goes down.

Here's some that I have been telling people I like:

First is Ford (F) . I think the Ford lineup is amazing. The electric F-150 series will be incredible. I am eager to get a Maverick for my family, because it is a smaller pickup that will get the job done for the myriad little things I need to do with this farm I bought from that crazy bitcoin foray. I like the competitive edge of the CEO, who says he is going to bury Elon Musk when the Lightning comes out. I even think the Bronco is cool as all get out. Most important, though? I think the chip shortage is ending. My semiconductor friends are telling me the foundries are producing more feature-rich chips and that means Ford can pump out the trucks small business people love and need. Plus, the used car prices at last have plateaued, according to their most important pricing index. Halcyon times.

Second, Costco (COST) : The samples are coming back. Tell me you don't love the samples. You need things in bulk. You want low prices. You want to get all of the things that people don't think of with Costco, like insurance, hearing-aids -- hey, they are a fortune -- jewelry, things around the house. You go and you will buy far more than you first came for. My kind of store.

The kids love this American Eagle Outfitters (AEO) , which we just bought for my charitable trust, which you can follow along by joining the Action Alerts PLUS club. Jay Schottenstein, the CEO, came on "Mad Money" recently and it's clear that his Aerie model has real staying power: 26 consecutive quarters of double digit growth. No flash in the pan, that one. Number one brand in jeans for the 15 to 25 year old group. The best in the mall. How did I know this? I see the credit card bills.

I got up this morning to do my physical therapy. I have been doing it ever since I hurt my back in February. I have this really cool pair of sneakers that fit me perfectly and I love them, but I am fortunate enough to have a vacation house and I am always taking those shoes with me.

So I went on Amazon (AMZN) this morning and lo and behold I saw them for half price. I bought two pairs. Then I went over everything I have bought in the last year and got a bunch of those things. Then I bought a pair of binoculars, because mine were stolen. I paid half price.

Yep, Amazon's universal. I was talking to Alexa, while I was ordering, getting some new music on, asking questions. I saw that despite all of the Sturm und Drang of Amazon being late with things, all the delivery dates were within range. I didn't click on any ads, and I didn't need the speed of Web Services, but the whole thing reminded me about how special the darned company is. I don't care if it's ahead or behind plan for the moment. I would just buy some more when it goes down.

Finally, Apple (AAPL) . I think people who don't own Apple should look what they are holding at this very moment. Yes, right now. Or look at what's in your lap or on the table besides your fork. And then think about the bill you paid last night without knowing it. Think about what you bought in the App store yesterday. Think about what would happen if it would break or get stolen or, left in the Uber (UBER) , or heaven forbid, be dropped into the pool or in the, yes, toilet.

There, that's what you buy in halcyon times. Stocks of companies you know that if they go lower, because things get less halcyon, you are fine with it and buy more. If things go up, believe me, you will participate.

So accept the moment. Don't try for the hard money. Go for the easy kind. That's the best kind.

https://realmoney.thestreet.com/jim-cramer/jim-cramer--15692051

Picture: 牡丹(peony)花開. 恨不得院子裡有一塊地是牡丹園.

The way I feel
作词作曲&和音：许静雯Lisa Hui 编曲混合：Awesome Studio

Lisa 的創作心靈：

當你不被你的愛人認可，卻想要引起他的對你注意力，那就只能盡你所能展示你魅力了吧。
只有18歲的Lisa愛唱歌，寫歌，跳舞，Lisa寫這首歌時候是想運用阿拉伯曲風與西班牙風格組成混合，希望藉着異國風情的熱情舞曲展示出她對愛人的那份熱愛。
這曲寫給她的愛人，他會欣賞嗎？
可惜那時候那位愛人已經愛上了另一位女生，而他卻沒男子漢的擔當，不敢勇敢的承認。還取笑Lisa 為他寫的歌，說Lisa寫的歌詞沒意思而且還很搞笑，哈哈大笑地取笑Lisa。其實對Lisa是滿諷刺的，只是Lisa 放不下那段感情，畢竟那時候已經拍拖3年半，雖然感情上的分分合合，讓Lisa心靈有重重的挫敗感，但Lisa 根本不想放棄。
Lisa還是把滿滿的愛意寫給這位愛人。 打從心底希望愛人能夠欣賞。只可惜最後都是有緣無分。

這也是Lisa 專輯裡面唯一的一首英文歌曲。



The way I feel
Melody, Lyrics & Harmonies : Lisa Hui Mixing & Arrangement : Awesome Studio

Lisa's creative mind soul:
When you are not recognized by your lover, but want to attract his attention to you, then you can only show your charm as much as you can.
The 18-years-old Lisa loves to sing, write, and dance. When Lisa wrote this song, she wanted to use a mix of Arabic style and Spanish style, hoping to show her love for her lover through exotic passionate dance music.
Will this song be written to her lover?
Unfortunately, at that time, the lover had fallen in love with another girl, he did not have the responsibility of a man, and dared not to admit the relationship bravely. Also making fun of Lisa’s song for him, saying that Lisa’s lyrics are boring and funny, and do not make sense, and made fun of Lisa with a loud laughter.
In fact, Lisa is full of irony, but Lisa can't let go of that relationship. After all, she has been dating with him for 3 and a half years. Although the separations and combination of emotions made Lisa's heart frustrated as a teenager, true love is what she longs for. Lisa didn't want to give up at all.
Lisa still wrote a lot of love to this lover. From the bottom of her heart, She hope this lover can appreciate it. It's a pity that in the end they were all destined apart from each other.

This is the only English song on Lisa’s album.

台灣安全T恤（Taiwan safe zone t-shirt）► https://shopee.tw/jesustaiwan/7220592129
🦐 蝦皮 ► https://shopee.tw/jesustaiwan
🔵 FB ► https://pse.is/BAPYU
🔸 IG ► https://pse.is/MBW4V
💬 要不要幫我打字幕 ? 謝啦！


【笑一下吧 Check more videos】
🎥[阿兜仔]► https://pse.is/BHEPW
🎥[COW杯]► https://pse.is/BV6V8
🎥[黑VLOG]► https://pse.is/BWFNG

腳本：
上個月我拍一集說 Last month I film this video 我錯了！ I was wrong! 恐慌不好,沒有錯 Panic is not good, true 但是 but 防疫不夠更糟糕！ Not enough prevention is worst! 糟糕到引發 Worst till the point to lead us to 西班牙末日！ The end of Spain! 世界末日 The end of the world 你準備好嗎 Are you ready? 還好，我已經有口罩 Okay, I already have masks 感謝我的朋友 Thanks to my friends 因為你們本來把口罩搶走 Because you took all masks away 搶光光 All of them  COW杯 cow-bei 看來 It seems 疫情很嚴重 The epidemic is serious 靠腰，陰屍路到了 It's "the walking dead " 在這部影片 In this video  我沒有辦法說這句話 I can not say this 因為YouTube 不會讓我賺錢喔 Because YouTube won't make me money 謝謝YouTube  Thanks to YouTube  COW杯 Cowbei 這次我要拍 This video  像一些人的 Like some guy's 比較短的影片 It's short 重點是 The point is 西班牙 Spain 我以前的國家 My previous country 輸給臺灣 Lose to taiwan 西班牙輸了 Spain lost 臺灣 Taiwan 幹得好 Well done  對，沒錯 Yes yes 親愛的朋友 My dear friends  西班牙很糟糕 Spain is bad 臺灣做得非常好 Taiwan is doing very well 我口乾有一點渴 My mouth is a little thirsty 爽 Cool 這個故事告訴我們什麼？ What did this story say? 在這樣 In  世界末日 The end of the world  的情況下 In this situation 恐慌 Panic 有幫助 Works 不要誤會啦 Don't get me wrong 我覺得恐慌是不好的 I think panic is bad 但是在這種情況下 But in this situation  如果你要選 If you need to choose 過度 Over  或是不足 Or insufficient 過度比較好 Over is better 什麼意思？ What dose that mean? 臺灣從一開始 Taiwan from the beginning 好熱 So hot 臺灣人就恐慌了 Taiwanese panic 搶口罩 Grab mask 引發我買不到 So me can't buy any 咳咳 (Coughing) 不是不是 No, no 是我暗示你們很cow杯 I hint you guys are very cow-bei 從一開始 At the first time  臺灣人一直在噴酒精 Taiwanese have been spraying alcohol 但是西班牙人 But the spanish 已經有很多人得病 Already many people got sick 還會去參加很多人的活動 And go to lot of people's events 引發連政治人物 Even politicians 都生病了 Are sick  都得了 They got it 不過西班牙人跟臺灣人 But the Spaniards and Taiwanese 有兩件事做得一模一樣 Two things are done exactly the same 一，政治人物用這個 First, politicians use this 來攻擊彼此 To attack each other 來互罵 Come scolding each other 都是蔡英文的假新聞 It's all fake news from Cai Yingwen 這個是國民黨扯後腿 This is the KMT pulling hind legs 對，西班牙更嚴重 Yes, Spain is worse  真的很cow杯 It's really bad 第二件事 Second 是在這個情況之下 Is in this situation 大家 People  愛 Love 搶衛生紙 Grabbing toilet paper 在臺灣 in Taiwan 民眾狂搶衛生紙 People fight for toilet paper 因為謠言指出 Because rumors point out 衛生紙與醫療口罩原料相同 Toilet paper is the same as medical mask 可能會影響衛生紙產量與價格 May affect tissue production and prices 歐伊系 Yummy 這個算是美食節目嗎？ Is this a food show? 趕快按讚啦 Hurry up and like 百萬YouTuber YouTuber with more than one Million subs 為什麼 why 大家 everyone 愛搶衛生紙？ Love fight for toilet paper? 有人可以幫我解釋嗎？ Can someone explain it for me? 沒有你、沒有你、沒有你 Without you, without you, without you 不能沒有你 Can't live without you 寶貝、寶貝！ Baby Baby! 這樣 is because 比較安全嗎？ Is it safer? 要不要這樣出門？ Should I to go out like this? 也不錯 Not bad 我要告訴你們一個秘密 I want to tell you a secret 今年的新希望 My new goal for this year was 是申請臺灣國籍 Apply for Taiwan nacionality 本來想要回去西班牙辦這件事 I wanted to go back to Spain to do this 現在我不知道什麼時候可以回去 Now i don't know when i can go back 但是有一件事 But one thing 很清楚 is very clear 無論如何 no matter how 我一定 I must 要變成臺灣人 To become Taiwanese 小英，妳聽到嗎？ Little Tsai, do you hear me? 拜託妳 Please 沒問題 no problem 哦給 OK 謝啦 Thanks 因為臺灣表現得很好 Because Taiwan is doing very well 我已經在做這件T恤 I am already making this t-shirt 你們可以告訴大家 You can tell everyone 臺灣安全 Taiwan is safe 你們不是從武漢來的 You are not from Wuhan 為臺灣驕傲 Proud of taiwan 這個就是 This is 靠，我愛台灣 的意思 The meaning of Damn I Love Taiwan 現在懂嗎？ Do you understand now? 不過，要繼續加油 But needs keep fighting 西班牙更加油 Spain need it even more 親愛的家人 Dear family 親愛的朋友 Dear friends 拜託 Please 保持安全 stay safe 不要出門 Don't go out 常常洗手 Wash hands often 吃健康 Eat healthy 多休息 Rest more 常常運動 Exercise often 這個是COW杯 This is Cowbei 我是黑素斯 I´m Jesus 掰 Bye 欸？靠T恤我忘記匯款 Eh? I forgot to do transfer for T-shirt 等我一下 wait for me 掰 bye 我一定 I must 要變成臺灣人 To become Taiwanese 黑素斯沒問題 Jesus, no problem

First, New Year greetings to all of you, I wish you dreams come true, good luck and good health! New year starts, we need to try a "new pork" in the new year - Omnipork. Although I am abroad this year, Omnipork is already sold in Canada (T&T Supermarket), so I can still have it! YEAH! "Omnipork" is succulent, tender and juicy in terms of texture and taste. It's just like pork, BUT, it has lower calories and saturated fat, so it is a good substitute!

I used "Omnipork" to make three basic home-cooked dishes, which is very lazy and easy. It's too easy that I feel so embarrassed to share it ? But if you want to start cooking, this will be a great start. Let's learn together ?

Besides, in the new year, "Omnipork" has also launched a new series, Ready Meals Series - Omnieat, I am looking forward to try the new series when I back to Hong Kong ?

**Text version recipe is as follows

旅孩要來和大家拜年囉，祝大家心想事成、萬事如意、身體健康！新年當然要吃「新豬肉」，雖然今年我在國外，但新豬肉已經在加拿大有賣了 (大統華亞州超市)，所以我還是可以吃到！YEAH！「新豬肉」不論在外相、觸感，還是味道，都可以媲美手打豬肉的嫩滑多汁，但「新豬肉」的熱量和飽和脂肪更低，是很好的代替品呢！

我用「新豬肉」做了三道基本的家常菜 - 豬肉三味，是很懶很簡單的菜式，簡單到我都不好意思分享了 ? 不過，如果你想開始學料理，這會是很好的開始喔！我們一起來學學吧 ?

另外，新一年，「新豬肉」也出了新系列 - 「速鮮即食系列」，很期待回香港試新產品 ?

** 以下是文字版食譜

Recipe
omnipork half/one pack
bean curd puffs some
diced green onions (optional) some
sugar, soy sauce, corn starch some

Steps
1.Omnipork Meatloaf
Seasoning the Omnipork: add sugar, soy sauce, corn starch, diced spring onions (optional), stir well, put it in a pan and fry, until the color of it slightly changed
2.Omnipork Balls
Squeeze the seasoned Omnipork into ball shape, and steam for 15 minutes
3.Stuffed Bean Curd Puffs
Stuff the Omnipork Balls into bean curd puffs and steam for 15 minutes

食譜
新豬肉 半包/一包
豆腐卜 (豆泡) 適量
蔥花 (非必要) 隨意
糖，醬油，粟粉 適量

做法
1.新豬肉餅
調味：加入糖、醬油、粟粉、蔥花 (非必要)，攪拌後，放進鍋裡煎，煎到新豬肉顏色稍變即可
2.新豬肉丸
把已調味的新豬肉用手擠出球型，隔水蒸15分鐘
3.新豬肉釀豆腐卜 (豆泡)
把新豬肉丸塞進豆腐卜 (豆泡)裡，隔水蒸15分鐘

Connect with me
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/veganexpressionhk
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/vegan_expression/
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Track: Hawaiian Weekend — Igor Khainskyi [Audio Library Release]
Music provided by Audio Library Plus
Watch: https://youtu.be/7O0WVaaB_x8
Free Download / Stream: https://alplus.io/hawaiian-weekend
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––