【禁令涉濫發 法官似偏藍】
法官應為公義服務還是為警隊服務?法官應把人權的維護視為首要價值,還是中共國策下的「止暴制亂」,把維護社會的秩序安寧視為首要任務?法官斷案除了法律之外,應否有點常識、有點政治觸覺?政治只是一種感知力、一種印象(perception),大多數人看問題用的只是二分法,不似筆者要花幾千字去辯證分析然後作出結論;只是當兩套分析模式得出同一結論之時,也就與事實相去不遠了。香港的法官近來連串發出的禁制令,難免令人質疑某些法官已經偏藍。
[猶如辱警罪]
不單偏藍,而且是員佐級化的偏藍,警員濫暴濫捕視作等閒,對一些到目前為止還只限於空穴來風的所謂威嚇,則放大十萬倍的重視,就算活在別國的法官也深知港警近來執法的無度,我們的法官是只看一家電視、不識上網的嗎?還是住在火星的?所以如此脫離現實。
報章文字不是學術文章,是寫給普通人看的;法律的是非對錯,也同樣要符合普通人常識範圍之內才能明白,否則也無以言法治。為何香港法官十分合作地批出警察近來申請的禁制令?包括禁止堵塞破壞塗鴉21座紀律部隊或已婚警察宿舍;員佐級協會成功上訴撤銷公眾可查閱選民姓名和登記地址的安排;還有新近周家明法官這個差不多等同為「辱警罪」立法的禁制令,禁止任何人非法及故意地作出以下行為:
一、未獲同意下發布警員及其直系親屬的個人資料;
二、恐嚇、騷擾、威脅、煩擾或干擾警員及其直系親屬;
三、協助教唆他人從事以上行為。
比對一下,香港高院周家明法官的思維,似完全是站在員佐級一方,那是十分明顯的。早在6月就有市民入稟高等法院,就6月12日警方速龍小隊沒有顯示警員編號而申請司法覆核,筆者也不知是尚未聆訊還是已被拒絕,總之是沒有下文。
法院遲遲未處理覆核的遺害明顯,令今天所有警員如想逃避責任都會遮去警號,蒙上面孔;市民要靠照片人肉搜尋個別警員,也只是想把警員置於陽光之下,讓他們知所警惕,有所節制;但周家明連這樣小小的維權行為也禁止了,你作為法官,有考慮過對遭警員施暴的人公平一些嗎?次次示威都清楚見到濫施酷刑、全無節制的警員;到今天,有一宗警員或警員家屬被報復的清楚事例嗎?對殘暴者寬容保護,對受害者漠視苛刻,這是你周家明法官的法治觀嗎?
換一個角度看,周家明對本身源自衡平法(Equity)的禁制令應如何應用的理解,是驚人的謬誤。筆者奇怪周家明的法律工具書籍是否丟失了?或是封塵太久不能再打開?若是,筆者可送我舊版教科書給你,或給你補補課。舊版書沒有問題的,衡平原則早有幾百年歷史,是不變的金原則,認真讀過法律的人皆認識。你可能離開法律學院太久了,隨便找個學生問問也知你有多謬誤。
需要衡平補助的人的首要原則,是要自身行事公正(comes to equity with clean hands)。警員害怕受到報復,所以到法院尋求衡平的濟助(remedy), 這點你我皆能明白。但請問引起事端的警員,本身行事時有守法嗎?符合衡平原則所需的手腳乾淨嗎?隨便對不義的人給予衡平的濟助,是對公義的莫大嘲弄,是助紂為虐!
作為衡平濟助的禁令或強制令,有另一鐵律原則,周家明同樣置之不顧,反映他的司法質素甚差。這類禁令由於是針對人而非物件,影響到人的自由,就算是皇權還是高於民權的年代,也不許輕易批出。基本原則是當普通法不能提供有效濟助之時,衡平法才會介入提供濟助。這是基本的基本,周家明卻反其道而行。筆者指控閣下偏藍,充滿員佐級法治觀,是合理的辯證法推論而已。
[起底難禁絕]
在本案而言,普通法的濟助多如牛毛(legal remedies),而警隊也早已用盡方法執行這些法律,包括刑事的恐嚇罪、散播虛假消息罪、煽動罪、不誠實使用電腦罪、民刑皆有涉及的侵犯私隱行為等。周家明在已經有大量的普通法濟助警權的情況下,還草率地批出猶如「辱警罪」的這個禁制令,對普通法傳統下的法官可經解釋及執行法律之時變相立法的傳統(所謂Judge made law),是明顯的僭越,不負責任的濫權。這屬比較學理的觀點,普通市民可能不明,但常人的邏輯就明明是惡法已經太多,已經太被濫用,你周家明還為警員加權,你是不知,還是藍色偏見上腦?
其他違反法理的觀點,筆者也只能簡單帶過,其謬誤性也非周家明獨有,而是批出其他禁制令的法官的共同謬誤。有朝一日民怨爆發,連法院也受到「暴民」無情衝擊之時,筆者提醒你們反省一下,這是一種共業。
其他濫批的禁制令,除上述禁止公眾佔領、堵塞或破壞警察宿舍,以及禁止選民查閱警員資料外,還有禁止任何人故意阻礙或干擾機場運作,禁止任何人故意阻礙或干擾鐵路網絡車站及列車。隨便上網查閱一下禁制令的使用,這樣的禁令都不正常、不需要,因為同時有其他法例可達同樣禁止效果;警隊把法官當作行政工作的大秘書,想要什麼,就吩咐法官弄一條變相法規出來,協助警員阻嚇市民這樣那樣的抗爭活動而已。有效嗎?根本無效,警隊只是濫用司法程序及法官的服務。
陳同佳案之後,大家的法制常識豐富了嗎?周家明的禁令是禁不到在外國網站刊出起底資料的;記否2015年港大曾申請禁制令,以禁止校董會的會議錄音外洩,結果不是在外國網站都播出了嗎?
禁令涉濫發 法官似偏藍
信報財經新聞 2019-10-29
A17 | 時事評論 | By 王岸然
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remedies法律 在 葉漢浩 Alex Ip Facebook 的最佳貼文
譴責這不知所謂的政權
為中國仍有這些勇敢與風骨的人而自豪
【全球法律團體聯合聲明 — 強烈譴責中國政府以吊銷、註銷律師執業證之手段持續打壓維權律師】
自2015年7月爆發轟動全球的「709大抓捕」起,中國政府打壓維權律師的行動已持續近三年。雖已接近尾聲,但打壓行動並未停止,而是從「刑事抓捕」轉變為更為隱秘的「行政懲戒」——即直接吊銷或註銷維權律師的執業證,剝奪維權律師的執業權。[1]據我們觀察,在最近8個月內,全中國已有17名維權律師及3間事務所陸續被吊銷或註銷執業證。對此,我們表示強烈譴責,並認為,中國政府的做法已嚴重違反中國憲法、律師法及國際法有關尊重和保障律師執業權利及公民權利的國家義務,中國政府應當立即無條件撤銷對受影響律師作出的吊銷或註銷執業證的各項決定,並停止對維權律師群體的一切管控和打壓。
我們注意到,從去年9月(即十九大前夕)開始,中國當局就已經在全國範圍內開展了新的一輪針對維權律師的打壓行動,並且愈演愈烈。在過去8個月時間裡,全中國共有9個省份的17名維權律師及3間律師事務所被吊銷或註銷執業證;僅過去一個月內,就有包括謝燕益、李和平、黃思敏丶文東海、楊金柱、覃永沛等在內的6名維權律師收到司法局發出的擬吊銷或註銷執業證的通知書;而廣西唯一一所維權律師事務所「百舉鳴律師事務所」,則更是被南寧司法局在其辦公場所強逼解散。儘管中國政府對外宣稱召開聽證會、給予律師申辯機會,但聽證程序卻極為不公開、不透明,救濟途徑形同虛設。而就在不久前召開的謝燕益律師的聽證會外,一名香港記者甚至被警方圍毆和非法扣留。[2]
同時,這一輪針對維權律師的吊牌運動,亦是「709大抓捕」的延續。在這17名被吊銷或註銷執業證的維權律師中,有超過一半是「709大抓捕」的涉案律師或涉案律師的辯護人,前者包括隋牧青、周世鋒、李春富、謝燕益、李和平等,後者包括余文生、文東海、楊金柱、覃永沛等。打壓前者,目的是要把維權律師群體的核心力量連根拔起;打壓後者,則是要把709抗爭運動中出現的後繼力量徹底剷除。
另外,我們亦注意到,中國政府正在以「行政懲戒」之名,行管控律師網路言論之實。儘管中國《憲法》第35條和聯合國《關於律師作用的基本原則》第23條均保障律師享有言論自由,且不應因其言論而遭受處罰,但如祝聖武、吳有水、余文生、楊金柱等律師都因為在網上公開批評中國共產黨及中國司法制度,而遭當局懲戒;玉品健律師則因他多次於網上撰文評論時政,而被當局向其事務所施壓並要求解雇;另外亦有彭永和、王龍德、王理乾等律師因為公開聲明退出律師協會,遭到報復而被註銷或吊銷執照。[3][4]由此可見,中國政府聲稱的「依法治國」只是欺騙世人的幌子,目的是企圖合理化其以言入罪、打壓異己的手段。我們注意到,前公安部副部長傅政華於今年3月開始擔任司法部部長,我們擔心未來局勢只會更加惡劣。
因此,我們強烈要求中國政府:
1. 立即無條件撤銷對受影響律師作出的各吊銷、註銷執照的各項決定;
2. 停止對維權律師群體的一切管控和打壓,確保律師不會因其代理的案件或發表的言論受到恫嚇、妨礙、不適當的干涉,或者起訴和行政制裁;
3. 切實遵守中國《憲法》、《律師法》及聯合國《關於律師作用的基本原則》有關保障律師權利的規定,尊重律師的執業權利及公民權利。
發起團體:
中國維權律師關注組,香港
聯署團體:
Human Rights Now,日本
律師助律師基金會,荷蘭
法政匯思,香港
臺灣聲援中國人權律師網絡,臺灣
臺北律師公會人權委員會,臺灣
日內瓦律師協會,瑞士
2018年6月6日
[1]根據《律師執業管理辦法》第23條,與所在律師事務所解除聘用合同,且在六個月內未被其他律師事務所聘用的律師,其律師執業證書將被註銷。儘管從法律層面講,註銷與吊銷性質不同,但過往經驗顯示,註銷的法律效果實質上與吊銷相同,律師一般都無法重新申請執業。
[2]https://hk.news.appledaily.com/…/…/article/20180520/20396145
[3]《中華人民共和國憲法》第35條:「中華人民共和國公民有言論、出版、集會、結社、遊行、示威的自由。」
[4]聯合國《關於律師作用的基本原則》第23條:「與其他公民一樣,律師也享有言論、信仰、結社和集會的自由。.....」
-------------------------------------
【A Joint Statement to Strongly Condemn the Chinese Government’s Suppression against Human Rights Lawyers through Revocation and Invalidation of Lawyers’ Licenses】
The Chinese government has continued its repression against human rights lawyers for almost 3 years since the start of the sensational and unprecedented “709 Crackdown” in July 2015. While the crackdown has seemingly come to an end, the suppression has not yet ceased. Apart from the manoeuvre of criminal detention, the Chinese government has now resorted to a subtler form of repression, administrative penalty, which involves revocation or invalidation of lawyers’ legal practice licenses, thus depriving them of their right to practice law.[1]
From our observation, at least 17 human rights lawyers and 3 law firms have had their licenses revoked or invalidated in China over the past 8 months. We, the undersigned, strongly condemn this manoeuvre. We believe that the acts of the Chinese government have seriously violated the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (“the Constitution”), the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Lawyers (“Lawyers’ Law”), and international human rights law which prescribes that state members shall respect and protect lawyers’ right to practice and the civil rights of all citizens. We urge the Chinese government to immediately and unconditionally withdraw all the decisions about revoking and invalidating lawyers’ licenses and to stop all forms of harassment, intimidation and repression against human rights lawyers in respect of their legal practice.
It has come to our attention that the Chinese authorities have launched another wave of nationwide suppression against human rights lawyers since September 2017 (i.e., the eve of 19thParty Congress), which has been intensifying. In the past 8 months, 17 human rights lawyers and 3 law firms from 9 different provinces have been deprived of the rights to practise as lawyers due to the revocation and invalidation of their practising licenses. In the past month alone, 6 human rights lawyers have already received notice from the Bureau of Justice that their licenses were to be revoked or invalidated, including Xie Yanyi, Li Heping, Huang Simin, Wen Donghai, Yang Jinzhu and Qin Yongpei. The sole human rights law firm in Guangxi, the Nanning Baijuming Law Firm, was also forced to be immediately shut down by the Nanning Municipal Bureau of Justice. Despite the Chinese government’s commitment to protect its citizens’ right to a fair and public trial which shall offer lawyers a fair hearing, the hearing procedures have never been truly open and transparent. All legal remedies are de facto futile. One Hong Kong journalist was even beaten by police and illegally detained while attempting to cover the hearing of lawyer Xie Yanyi.[2]
In the meantime, this wave of suppression of human rights lawyers is an extension of the notorious “709 Crackdown” in 2015. Amongst the aforementioned 17 lawyers, more than half are the 709 detainees or the defence lawyers for the 709 detainees. The former includes Sui Muqing, Zhou Shifeng, Li Chunfu, Xie Yanyi and Li Heping, etc., while the latter includes Yu Wensheng, Wen Donghai, Yang Jinzhu and Qin Yongpei, etc. The purpose of repressing the lawyers detained in the “709 Crackdown” is to uproot the core community of human rights lawyers, while the purpose of repressing their defence lawyersis to purge the honorable lawyers arising from the “709 Crackdown”.
It is also noted that the Chinese government has in fact controlled lawyers’ freedom of speech online by threatening to impose “administrative penalties”. According to Article 35 of the Constitution[3]and Article 23 of Basic Principles of the Role of Lawyers (“the Principles”) by the United Nations,[4]lawyers are entitled to freedom of speech and expression. Lawyers shall not be punished simply for exercising their freedom of speech. However, lawyers Zhu Shengwu, Wu Youshui, Yu Wensheng and Yang Jinzhu all received punishment due to their online criticisms of the Communist Party of China and China’s judicial system. In the case of lawyer Yu Pinjian, the law firm he belonged to was pressured by the authorities to dismiss him because he had repeatedly made comments on current affairs and politics online. In addition, lawyers Peng Yonghe, Wang Londe and Wang Liqian had their licenses retributively revoked or invalidated due to their public announcements about quitting the officially-run Lawyers’ Association. Thus it can be seen that China’s alleged “rule of law” is just a veneer to deceive the public. The underlying purpose is to justify its unlawful acts of restricting freedom of speech and repressing dissidents. It is worth noting that the former deputy minister of the Ministry of Public Security, Fu Zhenghua, was named Minister of Justice in March of this year. We share deep concern over the foreseeable exacerbation of the political situation.
In light of the above, we, the undersigned, solemnly demand the Chinese government to:
1. Immediately and unconditionally withdraw all the decisions in respect of the revocation and invalidation of lawyers’ practising licenses.
2. Stop all forms of political repression against human rights lawyers to ensure that lawyers do not suffer intimidation, hindrance, harassment, improper interference, prosecution or administrative sanctions for taking up sensitive cases or for giving speeches in accordance with their recognized professional duties.
3. Duly uphold and respect the legal rights enjoyed by Chinese lawyers, which include the right to practice and civil rights protected under the Constitution, relevant legislation governing the practice of lawyers in China, and the Principles of the United Nations.
Initiator:
China Human Rights Lawyers Concern Group, Hong Kong
Co-signatories:
Human Rights Now, Japan
Lawyers for Lawyers, Netherlands
Progressive Lawyers Group, Hong Kong
Taiwan Support China Human Rights Lawyers Network, Taiwan
Taipei Bar Association Human Rights Committee, Taiwan
The Geneva Bar Association, Switzerland
6th June 2018
[1]According to Article 23 of Administrative Measures for the Practice of Law by Lawyers, if a lawyer is dismissed by the incumbent law firm and not employed by a registered law firm for over 6 months, his or her legal practice license will be invalidated. From a legal perspective, the nature of “revoked” is different from that of “invalidated”. However, past experiences have shown that both statuses have same de facto outcome, lawyers generally cannot resume their practice.
[2]https://hk.news.appledaily.com/…/…/article/20180520/20396145.
[3]Article 35 of Constitution of the People’s Republic of China: “Citizens of the People’s Republic of China enjoy freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession and of demonstration.”
[4]Article 23 of United Nations’ Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers: “Lawyers like other citizens are entitled to freedom of expression, belief, association and assembly.”
臺灣聲援中國人權律師網絡 Taiwan Support China Human Rights Lawyers Network Lawyers for Lawyersヒューマンライツ・ナウ Progressive Lawyers Group 法政匯思
Albert Ho Chun Yan Emily Lau Patrick Kar-Wai Poon Chong Yiu Kwong Venus Cheng Vannie Lau
remedies法律 在 On8 Channel - 岸仔 頻道 Facebook 的最佳解答
普通人罰款$500,政客議員監禁3個月失去議席,大把補選機會了。
【Public nuisance 公眾滋擾 】
An offence at common law which materially affects the reasonable comfort and convenience of a class of members of the community and is so widespread in its effect. The offence is constituted by an act not warranted by law or an omission to discharge a legal duty, if the effect of the act or omission is to endanger the life, health, property, morals or comfort of the community in the exercise of rights common to all of the community. The nuisance does not necessarily have to affect all members of the community or a class in the community, and the issue of whether a sufficient number have been affected to render the nuisance sufficiently widespread is an issue of fact and degree. Acts which constitute a public nuisance cannot be rendered lawful by long user. Once the nuisance is proved and the defendant is shown to have caused it, then, the legal burden is shifted to the defendant to justify or excuse himself; if he fails to do so, he will be liable. To establish the mens rea of public nuisance, the prosecution must prove that the accused knew or ought to have known that his conduct or omission would result in a public nuisance being committed. It is not relevant that the accused had another object in mind when he committed the public nuisance. Remedies are abatement, and injunction, or damages.
在普通法的罪行, 公眾滋擾嚴重地影響社會上某一類別的成員的合理舒適和方便, 其影響範圍廣泛, 因而不合理期望一人以其責任進行處事程序。如有關的作為或不作為在行使對社會整體的共同利益時有危害社生命, 健康, 財物, 道德或舒適的影響, 公眾滋擾由法律不保證的作為或解除法律責任的不作為構成。有關的滋擾 並不須要影響社會所有成員或社會上某一類別的成員, 及是否有足夠數目的人受影響令致公眾滋擾有足夠的分佈的問題是事實和程度的問題。構成公眾滋擾的行為不可由長期使用者令致合法。在有關的滋擾得到證明及顯示是由被告引起後, 法律責任會轉移到被告的身上;如他未能列出理由證明或為自己辯解, 他便會有法律責任。 為確立公眾滋擾的犯罪意圖, 控方必須證明被告知道或應該已知道 其作為或不作為會導致犯公眾滋擾罪。當他犯公眾滋擾罪時,被告在思想上有另一目的無關。補救有除去滋擾, 禁制令或賠償。
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煩惱與低潮,不管再有能耐、內心再強大的人,都會有迷惘的時候,即便是高高在上的老闆,還是身為普通人的你與我。有些煩惱不是立即能解決的,內心的安全感漸漸破碎,如何與焦慮、沒安全感的狀態共處,曾經是我的課題。
我在2019年的時候曾經一整年沒有原因的心情低落,然後再加上胖胖過世,我整個心理壓力很大,完全快樂不起來 ,於是我在生活上做了一些小改變,讓我心情變得平穩很多,到現在我遇到不開心的事情時,我也會做這些事,讓我可以更好的整理思緒走出情緒,就想說可以分享給你們~
■影片中使用的產品 ■
Neal's Yard Remedies 玫瑰保濕調理液
Elemantal Herbology 大馬士革玫瑰潤澤水
Neal's Yard Remedies 杏仁舒緩保濕霜(專門店獨賣)
Elemantal Herbology 洋甘菊玫瑰修護舒緩油
Neal's Yard Remedies 乳香黃金極緻眼霜
Absolution 藍艾菊香凝卸妝膏
Absolution 純淨舒緩潔顏露
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■這是合作影片
我對自己發佈的業配影片很有信心,這信心來自於我是誠實分享,對得起自己良心的喔。雖然我覺得好用,但一樣產品要做到百分之一百的人都覺得好用是不可能的,總會有人不適合。有這樣的事也很正常,也希望不適合的人可以留言分享自己的膚質、使用情況,把留言區當作「討論版」,對於其他人來說也很有參考價值。
這是一個公開的平台,任何理性分享我都表示尊重,但是惡意謾罵、羞辱、攻擊、毀謗、挑釁,我也不會姑息,請特定人士自重,不要公然挑戰法律。
remedies法律 在 5 法律救济问题研讨: 律师认为民事侵权和刑事犯罪都是明确的 ... 的推薦與評價
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