【渾水一片:還原香港海界爭議發展史】 (上篇) #都市化洋謀 #9月專研
過往在香港討論有關海洋邊界爭議,往往是香港以南的南海主權問題。事實上近年的焚船污染、明日大嶼、12人越洋、走私不斷等當下議題,都與海洋空間規劃、定界及海權問題有關,而香港早年殖民期的海界及海權作為各種海洋亂象之源,卻少有人深入探討。
翻查一系列關於香港水域爭議的英國解密檔案,整理過往殖民地時期有關香港「含糊」水域爭議的發展史,揭示牽涉複雜的海洋邊界政治,除了作為當時中英政治角力的前緣,亦有助我們了解現時香港水域範圍的歷史脈絡及源起。
一條海界 兩個表述
殖民地時期早年,香港的水域範圍一直未有公開確實的版本,亦引伸出有兩種不同的界線表述。
於20世紀初,根據《展拓香港界址專條》的香港地圖顯示,香港水域呈「方型」界線(square boundary )。根據一份關於新界邊界及現況的英國解密檔案(1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories),當時中方海關經常巡邏於以大嶼山以西大澳水域一帶(方型界線以外),似乎更視其為中方水域。然而,早在1901年英方已有向港督提及,按照國際上的海洋慣例,一般領海 (normal territorial waters)寬度應為3海里 (three nautical miles),因而,香港領海界線應呈現為「彎曲型」(sinuous),比起「方形」範圍雖然多了大嶼山以西水域,同時卻損失了東南方一大片水域,作為最早期的香港水域範圍的兩個表述。
後續1911年修訂《釋義條例》(Interpretation Ordinance) 時,由於港督的錯誤公告字眼(wording of an incorrect Proclamation),令到香港水域繼續被闡釋為方型。
而這個錯誤的公告去到1950年被修訂。英方於1950年重新檢視與領海相關的條例,表示若沿用1937年英方對於《釋義條例》的闡釋,地圖所顯示的「方形」界線,只是英方租用中方領土的一條分界線(merely a line of delimitation of the area within which all territory was leased) ,並不是租用香港3海里以外的水域範圍(this did not mean that there was a purported lease of any waters outside normal territorial waters),可見,內部確立「彎曲型」的領海範圍。
參考一份1950年關於香港水域的英國解密檔案 (1950 CO 537 6036 Territorial water) 中的英方外交部內閣大臣Jim Griffiths跟港督的電報來往中顯示,因當時中日關係惡劣,為了保持當時英方中立 (neutral) 的立場。英方亦想盡量避免中日雙方於香港水域範圍發生衝突 (Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019),早於1937年至1939年,英方曾經指示香港水域要跟隨國際慣例,將領海寬度收窄至3海里。無獨有偶,1950年修訂《釋義條例》,已有英方法律意見表示當時擔心如果國、共兩軍在新海界(彎曲型)及舊海界(方型)之間的位置發生衝突,將會造成英方外交上尷尬,要盡快修例避免尷尬事件。可見,英方變動水域邊界時明顯有其政治考量。
即使已修例,1952年當時國際法庭 (International Court of Justice) 有關英挪漁業案(Anglo Norwegian Fisheries case)的判決 (Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019),提及使用哪種基線方式來劃定領海的爭議,促使香港律政司重提「方型」領海是否合法地代表香港水域,但建議被英方否決。其後在1958年,即使英國外交部再次表示「方型」範圍只是表示港英領土的一條分界線 (all land within the line thus shown is Hong Kong territory),但同時亦保留方型界線,聲稱為免影響航空航線。
早年香港水域邊界一直未被確實,即使在法律層面上,英方內部確立「彎曲型」領海範圍的合法性。然而,其後英方一直未有公開與中國共產黨政權講述其水域範圍,或擔心會侵犯中國領海主權。可見,香港水域一直受到變動中的海緣政治影響,經常遊走在當時國際上認可海洋慣例(彎曲型)與中英簽訂的《展拓香港界址專條》(方型)之間。
中方圍堵香港水域的預言?
水域範圍、基線劃定的方法及國際航海權一直是國際外交上一個十分敏感的議題。香港作為英國殖民地,卻緊貼住中國的領海範圍,除了香港水域定界,船隻來往香港的航道亦一直是英方十分頭痛的問題,稍有不慎,就會有被冠上侵犯中國海權的「辱華」罪名。
中方於1958年第一次聯合國海洋法公約(United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea),已經單方面將其領海範圍擴展至12海哩,英國宗主國當時內部表明會反對中方單方面的領海宣稱,擔心會發生圍堵香港水域的情況。
根據新界邊界及現況的英國解密檔案(1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories)中的電報來往,當時港英內部評估,認為中方擴展領海將對香港造成「海陸空」影響,除了會收窄飛機的航道、需要重新佈線電纜和無線電纜、亦會限制海軍的演練空間,大大影響香港的船隻來往,來往公海的航道走廊更會收窄到1海里(corridor of international waters could be reduced to about one mile),形容「接近完全圍封香港」 (almost completely envelope Hong Kong)。
隨著國際共識的改變,在1972年第三次聯合國海洋法會議前夕,英方亦打算將國土領海範圍的3海里擴展至12海里。翻查另一份1972年關於香港水域爭議的英國解密檔案 (1972 FCO 21 1024 Territorial waters dispute between China and Hong Kong),當時英方內部考慮這次擴展海界,應否包括香港殖民地,並計劃在香港附近水域進行海道測量 (Hydrographic survey),明顯想放風測試中方反應。
然而,根據英國外交部及港英的內部電報來往,英方雖然一度打算在翌年與中方在第三次聯合國海洋法會議上提及香港殖民地水域擴展,但英方內部亦指出中方定會反對香港的水域擴展至12海里,除了因為香港擴展會跟中國水域重疊,中國亦一直視香港為固有領土,不可視香港為獨立的行政個體 (separate entity),應該維持現狀,限制今次香港擴海界。
呼應早期50年代有關中方圍堵香港水域的擔憂,英方擔心如果掀起討論,更有可能令香港航道問題惡化 (a risk that any such discussion would vitiate the present adequate though limited freedom of passage)。按英國外交部理解,中方只不過默許船隻在不進入擔桿列島5海哩範圍的前提下進入香港;如果中國「執正嚟做」嚴格實踐其12海里的主權宣稱,則連博寮海峽都不能通行 (a 12 mile limit strictly adhered to in this area would make normal surface access to Hong Kong through the Lemma Channel impossible)。最後,英方外交部為免觸動到中方神經,加上「信唔過」中方 (their good will… cannot be relied on a year ahead),建議的對策卻是避免「打草驚蛇」(let sleeping dogs lie),絕口不提香港擴海界。
直到1987年,英國正式將水域擴展到12海哩,但香港並沒有納入被擴展的範圍。在香港前途談判過程中,亦未有正式提及香港水域擴展12海里一事(Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019)。可見,面對中方進取的領海主權宣稱,英方在香港水域邊界問題上,尤其顯得無力。
香港「渾水」邊界的潛規則
面對中國擴海界後將會圍堵香港的擔憂,根據一份有關香港水域及其爭議的英國解密檔案(1968 FCO 21 547 Dispute with China about territorial waters),當中牽涉中英雙方就香港海界爭議鮮為人知的權宜之計(modus vivendi)。
事緣1968年一艘美國貨船於萬山群島近珠江口一帶(Lema Channel in the estuary of the Pearl River)被中方海軍的警告已入侵中方水域,檔案中有一份美國國務院情報與研究局官員Thoms L. Hughes事後對中國共產黨於香港鄰近水域的主權宣稱(Communist assertions of sovereignty over waters in the vicinity of Hong Kong)進行一份內部評估報告,提到中方不時會「放生」來往香港的商船。
於50年代初,船隻可以經萬山群島近珠江口一帶接近香港水域,可謂當時的潛規則(local ground rule)。然而,在中方宣稱12海里領海後,於1959年曾發出達20次警告,外國商船透過萬山群島近珠江口一帶接近香港期間入侵中方水域,並禁止一切外國船隻通往萬山群島近珠江口一帶,評估報告中亦提及多次美國商船及軍艦通往香港遇上中國海軍的事件。
然而,中方不但少有採取實際軍事行動,多是「口頭」表示抗議及警告外國船隻侵犯中國水域,更沒有對外公開批評數次入侵事件。就以上例子,美方評估中國當時並不是新的「強硬路線」宣示領海主權(new harder line from Peking),只是由於過多船隻進入萬山群島內沿而作出的回應(is a reaction to an increasing number of passages through the interior Lema Channel)[萬山群島內沿被中國視為內海]。
而當時美方估計中方「放生」的動機,很可能取決於政經考量,其一為不想失去香港作為(kill the goose)來往外國商船主要來往中國的航道,以及香港為中國帶來的外匯,而另一原因則是避免發生中國海軍與美國軍艦於海上起衝突。
此外,除了英方一直未有公佈香港水域邊界,中方一直並未有公開宣稱香港以西南的珠江通道12海里的精準劃界(public silence regarding the exact limits of its claim)。中英雙方基於政治考量,對於香港水域劃界及航道,更被美方稱靈活的實用主義(flexible pragmatism)。
而美方認為英方亦知悉船隻來往香港的「後路」,根據一份英方未被公開的非正式文件( informal note)顯示,除了船隻背後的註冊國家將成為影響進入香港的政治因素,英方更提及最合適的接近香港水域的航道,是經萬山群島以南以及擔桿頭島五海里以外(keep to the south of the Lima Group and five miles or more off Tam kan Head),港英政府早於五十年代,已廣傳這份文件到商船公司及中方,有共識地默許外國船隻經香港東南方水域,作為當時來往香港的「後路」。
可見,比起香港陸上的邊界,早期香港水域由定界、擴界到圍堵,可謂「渾水一片」。而當中牽涉複雜的海緣政治,亦顯示香港水域並非一條確確實實的邊界範圍,反而是中英雙方的妥協空間。而後來香港水域邊界將如何落實為現時版本?當中牽涉多少談判?而所引伸的一系列有關領海執法權以至政府管轄權的問題,將揭示香港水域日後跨境執法以至逃犯移交的爭議。(下集待續)
參考資料
Jørgensen, N. H. B. (2019). The (Unequal) Relationship between Hong Kong’s Waters and China’s Baselines. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy, 4(1), 1–27.
1950 CO 537/6036 Territorial water
1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories
1968 FCO 21/547 Dispute with China about territorial waters
1972 FCO 21/1024 Territorial waters dispute between China and Hong Kong
1974 FCO 18/154 Hong Kong territorial waters
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同時也有23部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,210的網紅DJ Macky Suson,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Episode 5: CYCLING IN SINGAPORE TOUR WITH GOPRO HERO 9 Health benefits of regular cycling Health benefits of regular cycling Cycling is mainly an aer...
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Day 2️⃣ #AlOpenheart
I have a love and hate relationship with backbend. Working towards a deeper backbend pose doesn’t give me the best feeling at that moment, but I do get an unique and positive feeling of heart opening afterwards. That’s why I keep coming back to it 💙
#yogafanjoyce
❣❣❣❣❣❣❣❣❣❣❣❣❣❣
Heart opening’ poses and their many benefits are pretty clear. Physically – they stretch the hips, open the shoulders and chest, build strength in the legs, arms and back muscles and can even alleviate back and neck pain. Mentally and emotionally they invite courage and vulnerability, help us to face fears and remain calm in the face of difficult situations.
During practice you must remember that these pose can help to improve your wellbeing.
Hosts
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📃Line up
Day 1: Your to-go warm up pose for heart opening
Day 2: Reclined heart opening pose 💗
Day 3: Prone heart opening pose
Day 4: Seated heart opening pose
Day 5: Kneeling heart opening pose
Day 6: Standing heart opening pose
Day 7: Inverted heart opening pose
Day 8: Your favourite heart opening pose
👉🏽 How to Participate:
Follow all hosts and sponsors;
Repost the flyer to your page and tag friends to play along;
Post daily using hashtag #AlOpenheart
and tag/mention your hosts and sponsor in the caption/photo;
Have your account on PUBLIC and put your country/flag in your BIO;
Have fun and show love and support to each other in the hashtag gallery;
#alo #aloyoga #aloonyou #yogachallenge #yoga #alochallenge #augusyogachallenge #igyogachallanges #yogisofinstagram #yogacommunity #yogaaddict #yogafun #yogastrong #yogagoals #yogapractice
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public relationship 在 黃心健 Hsin-Chien Huang Facebook 的最佳貼文
🚩 New Media Artist Hsin-Chien Huang Leads "Garden Taipei/Formosa: Taiwan Grand Tour" with 22 Taiwan's VR and New Media Artworks to 2021 Ars Electronica Linz in Austria🇦🇹
2021 ARS ELECTRONICA FESTIVAL Ars Electronica has chosen “A New Digital Deal” as its annual theme, centering around the social and cultural transformations under the influence of technology from different countries. Also, it pays attention to changes of “the New Normal” due to the pandemic.
Hsin-Chien Huang, this year’s curator of the “Garden Taipei/Formosa”, resonates the theme with the “Taiwan Grand Tour”, hoping to waken our desire and ability to move freely during the journey via different kinds of media, also make more people see the marvelous results and how hard Taiwan has devoted to technology, culture, tradition, and tradition via international digital platforms. The tour will have become a window between the world and Taiwan.
The scale of this year’s exhibitions has been brought up a notch. Not only did it carry on displaying the VR and AR productions from last year, but the curator Hsin-Chien Huang has collaborated with three other, Hsiao-Yue Tsao, Billy Chang, and Chung-Hsien Chen, to call out many VR directors, new media artists, start-up companies and government institutions to join the project. There are 22 magnificent programs in total, which will be shown in categories such as “Immersive Tour”, “Animated Tour”, “New Media Tour”, “Earth Tour” and “Action Tour” respectively.
“Immersive Tour”, as the first part of the “Taiwan Grand Tour”, viewers can wander among the mountains, oceans, and rivers in the digital world, even outer space! Six scenes inspired by unique Taiwanese landscapes with cultural and biological features will be shared with the audiences, such as “The Starry Sand Beach” (Directed by Hsin-Chien Huang and Nina Barbier), “Moondream Reality-Rebirth”(Directed by Chi-Yen Chiang, Ami Wu), the shuttle VR 360 stereo video of “TAIPOWER D/S ONE.” (Directed by Ghung-I Hung and Shih-Chou Wen), “Floating Childhoods” (Directed by Hakka Public Communication Foundation and Wen-Chieh Chang), “Blue Tears EP1” (Directed by Hsiao-Yue Tsao), and “Samsara” (Directed by Hsin-Chien Huang).
In the “Animated Tour”, viewers can devote themselves to the characters via different programs. Whether it is the abstract or figurative visual style, audiences can experience anxiety and frustration all the way to happiness and growth. Getting rid of this disappointing reality, viewers shall continue the “Taiwan Grand Tour” through their imagination. This program consists of four animations: "Go Go Giwas: Sowing Dream Seeds"(Directed by Vick Wang, Yi-Feng Kao), "My grandmother is an Egg"(Directed by Wu-Ching Chang),"Inside"(Directed by Yu-Ting Hsueh), and "The Wayward Kite"(Directed by Yu-Ting Hsueh).
In the “New Media Tour” program, nine brilliant pieces created by Taiwanese artists will be shared as the relay points for the “Taiwan Grand Tour.” They use video, sound, electronic music, installation, and various new media to explore different topics, such as family, memory, city, society, landscape, and environment. We firmly believe that digital tools can also capture the warmth and emotions in reality. This program consists of nine artworks: "Surrounding Spectrum"(Directed by Hsiu-Ming Wu), "Nanyang Express II : Eternal Wandering and Tropical Pursuing"(Directed by Yi-Chi Lin), "Wave Waves"(Directed by Sio-Pang Hong), "That ・ This"(Directed by Ching-Chuan Hu), "Signal"(Directed by Chin-Hsiang Hu), "Tower of Babel by the sea"(Directed by Wei-Chung Feng), "How to explain love to an iPhone"(Directed by Jie-Huai Yang), "U+617E_v2.∞"(Directed by Jia-Hua Zhan), and "Absence in Presence"(Directed by Ning Tsai).
In the program “Earth Tour”, viewers will participate in a performance art called “Taste Soil”, which intends to rethink the relationship between humans and land by means of “eating.” The program brings together international eminent chefs Andre Chiang, dancer Billy Chang, new media artist Hsin-Chien Huang and Wen-Chieh Chang, fusing Taiwan’s unique traditions and customs with cuisines and dance performances via VR experience. A feast to the eyes and tastebuds awaits.
Looking back at the present time, humans need to take more efficient scientific actions in the digital world to reduce the consumption and pressure of resources and the environment and cope with the impact in the post-pandemic times. Two important technology units in Taiwan make their debut in the “Action Tour”: Miniwiz Co., Ltd. and the Taipei Urban Intelligence Center. The former is devoted to the sustainable development of materials science with digital technology and design, while the latter is the integration of big data and streaming technology to create a new technical model of urban governance. Combing these two, an answer to developing a sustainable society with digital energy is born. During the tour, a new performance art project is inspired by the digital cross-field cooperation for the first time. The Taipei Urban Intelligence Center will join hands with new media artist Chin-Hsiang Hu and the founder of Inwheel Ghung-I Hung, to create a new media artwork “The Weight of Data” by integrating both virtual and physical materials from different domains and sharing data resources.
The brilliant curatorial concept and lineup of the Taiwan Grand Tour have attracted the interest of the officials of the festival and been in the limelight. Therefore, the festival has invited three creators behind the “Earth Tour”: Andre Chiang, Billy Chang, and Hsin-Chien Huang, to an online interview called “Highlight Channel” at 18:00 on September 1 (Taiwan Time). The link will be provided by the official later on. Moreover, Miniwiz Co., Ltd. and the Taipei Urban Intelligence Center are also invited to share their ideas and experiences in an online show called “Home Delivery.”
The theme of the Garden Taipei/ Formosa is presented in a diverse form of performances by combining different fields multiply. The audience can easily follow the step of the “Taiwan Grand Tour” to explore Taiwan’s magnificent local digital creativity and illustrate a new digital landscape unitedly that only belongs to Taiwan. The 2021 Ars Electronica online exhibition will be held from September 8 to 12, 2021. Click the link below to take a sneak peek of this year’s shows.
📍ARS ELECTRONICA FESTIVAL 🔗 https://ars.electronica.art/newdigitaldeal/de/formosa-grand-tour/
📍ARS ELECTRONICA FESTIVAL “Home Delivery” 🔗 https://www.youtube.com/c/arselectronica/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=5
📍 Garden Taipei/Formosa: Taiwan Grand Tour 🔗 http://garden2021.metarealitylab.com/
#奧地利林茲電子藝術節
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public relationship 在 DJ Macky Suson Youtube 的精選貼文
Episode 5: CYCLING IN SINGAPORE TOUR WITH GOPRO HERO 9 Health benefits of regular cycling
Health benefits of regular cycling
Cycling is mainly an aerobic activity, which means that your heart, blood vessels and lungs all get a workout. You will breathe deeper, perspire and experience increased body temperature, which will improve your overall fitness level.
The health benefits of regular cycling include:
increased cardiovascular fitness
increased muscle strength and flexibility
improved joint mobility
decreased stress levels
improved posture and coordination
strengthened bones
decreased body fat levels
prevention or management of disease
reduced anxiety and depression.
Back to top
Cycling and specific health issues
Cycling can improve both physical and mental health, and can reduce the chances of experiencing many health problems.
Obesity and weight control
Cycling is a good way to control or reduce weight, as it raises your metabolic rate, builds muscle and burns body fat. If you’re trying to lose weight, cycling must be combined with a healthy eating plan. Cycling is a comfortable form of exercise and you can change the time and intensity – it can be built up slowly and varied to suit you.
Research suggests you should be burning at least 8,400 kilojoules (about 2,000 calories) a week through exercise. Steady cycling burns about 1,200 kilojoules (about 300 calories) per hour.
If you cycle twice a day, the kilojoules burnt soon add up. British research shows that a half-hour bike ride every day will burn nearly five kilograms of fat over a year.
Cardiovascular disease and cycling
Cardiovascular diseases include stroke, high blood pressure and heart attack. Regular cycling stimulates and improves your heart, lungs and circulation, reducing your risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Cycling strengthens your heart muscles, lowers resting pulse and reduces blood fat levels. Research also shows that people who cycle to work have two to three times less exposure to pollution than car commuters, so their lung function is improved. A Danish study conducted over 14 years with 30,000 people aged 20 to 93 years found that regular cycling protected people from heart disease.
Cancer and cycling
Many researchers have studied the relationship between exercise and cancer, especially colon and breast cancer. Research has shown that if you cycle, the chance of bowel cancer is reduced. Some evidence suggests that regular cycling reduces the risk of breast cancer.
Diabetes and cycling
The rate of type 2 diabetes is increasing and is a serious public health concern. Lack of physical activity is thought to be a major reason why people develop this condition. Large-scale research in Finland found that people who cycled for more than 30 minutes per day had a 40 per cent lower risk of developing diabetes.
Bone injuries, arthritis and cycling
Cycling improves strength, balance and coordination. It may also help to prevent falls and fractures. Riding a bike is an ideal form of exercise if you have osteoarthritis, because it is a low-impact exercise that places little stress on joints.
Cycling does not specifically help osteoporosis (bone-thinning disease) because it is not a weight-bearing exercise.
Mental illness and cycling
Mental health conditions such as depression, stress and anxiety can be reduced by regular bike riding. This is due to the effects of the exercise itself and because of the enjoyment that riding a bike can bring.

public relationship 在 DJ Macky Suson Youtube 的最讚貼文
Health benefits of regular cycling
Cycling is mainly an aerobic activity, which means that your heart, blood vessels and lungs all get a workout. You will breathe deeper, perspire and experience increased body temperature, which will improve your overall fitness level.
The health benefits of regular cycling include:
increased cardiovascular fitness
increased muscle strength and flexibility
improved joint mobility
decreased stress levels
improved posture and coordination
strengthened bones
decreased body fat levels
prevention or management of disease
reduced anxiety and depression.
Back to top
Cycling and specific health issues
Cycling can improve both physical and mental health, and can reduce the chances of experiencing many health problems.
Obesity and weight control
Cycling is a good way to control or reduce weight, as it raises your metabolic rate, builds muscle and burns body fat. If you’re trying to lose weight, cycling must be combined with a healthy eating plan. Cycling is a comfortable form of exercise and you can change the time and intensity – it can be built up slowly and varied to suit you.
Research suggests you should be burning at least 8,400 kilojoules (about 2,000 calories) a week through exercise. Steady cycling burns about 1,200 kilojoules (about 300 calories) per hour.
If you cycle twice a day, the kilojoules burnt soon add up. British research shows that a half-hour bike ride every day will burn nearly five kilograms of fat over a year.
Cardiovascular disease and cycling
Cardiovascular diseases include stroke, high blood pressure and heart attack. Regular cycling stimulates and improves your heart, lungs and circulation, reducing your risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Cycling strengthens your heart muscles, lowers resting pulse and reduces blood fat levels. Research also shows that people who cycle to work have two to three times less exposure to pollution than car commuters, so their lung function is improved. A Danish study conducted over 14 years with 30,000 people aged 20 to 93 years found that regular cycling protected people from heart disease.
Cancer and cycling
Many researchers have studied the relationship between exercise and cancer, especially colon and breast cancer. Research has shown that if you cycle, the chance of bowel cancer is reduced. Some evidence suggests that regular cycling reduces the risk of breast cancer.
Diabetes and cycling
The rate of type 2 diabetes is increasing and is a serious public health concern. Lack of physical activity is thought to be a major reason why people develop this condition. Large-scale research in Finland found that people who cycled for more than 30 minutes per day had a 40 per cent lower risk of developing diabetes.
Bone injuries, arthritis and cycling
Cycling improves strength, balance and coordination. It may also help to prevent falls and fractures. Riding a bike is an ideal form of exercise if you have osteoarthritis, because it is a low-impact exercise that places little stress on joints.
Cycling does not specifically help osteoporosis (bone-thinning disease) because it is not a weight-bearing exercise.
Mental illness and cycling
Mental health conditions such as depression, stress and anxiety can be reduced by regular bike riding. This is due to the effects of the exercise itself and because of the enjoyment that riding a bike can bring.

public relationship 在 itsbrandonho Youtube 的最佳貼文
Everybody knows YB Hannah Yeoh; the politician, MP, and public figure. But in today's season finale, we sit down to get to know simply, Hannah Yeoh. We talk about her background, how the Lord brought her back to Malaysia, and her journey to becoming a politician. Although she is very much in the public eye, one thing she has never let go and that is her relationship with Christ.
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Public relations is a conduit, a facilitator, and a manager of communication, conducting research, defining problems, and creating meaning by fostering ... ... <看更多>